The passport database of VIR’s bean collection as a tool for systemizing bean genetic diversity, studying the collection’s history, and monitoring the crop’s worldwide breeding (an overview)

The main document attesting the composition of a collection is the passport database (DB), which contains basic information about every accession: its name, status, origin, the year of its placement into the collection, etc. The effort to include every detail of such information into the database opens up a number of possibilities for structuring and exploring the diversity available. For the bean collection, the history of its systemization has had several stages. In 1923, systemic recording of bean accessions that entered the collection started with their registration in special journals, called catalogues. Since the middle of the 1960s, computer aids have been used for data logging and processing. In the 1990s, the DBs thus developed were transferred to personal computers. Today, such data are formatted as a computerized passport database, unified in accordance with modern international standards and consisting of 35 fields. Analysis of the Phaseolus passport database has shown that the bean collection consists of 6586 accessions, registered in the permanent catalogue. These accessions represent four cultivated species of different breeding status from 102 countries of the world. The largest percentage in the collection belongs to the accessions of European origin (61%). The accessions from North and South Americas (over 600 and 460 entries, respectively) make up 17% of the collection, while the gene pool of Asian countries, 16%. The biggest replenishments of VIR’s bean collection in its entire long history happened in the times of the USSR (2129 entries). The passport DB also makes it possible to conduct worldwide monitoring of the breeding work with beans, because it provides a comprehensive overview of the history of bean breeding and its present-day status in foreign countries, the ex-USSR republics and the Russian Federation. The purpose of this article has been to analyze the passport database of VIR’s bean collection and the information stored in it, and produce a retrospective essay on the documentation of the Phaseolus germplasm holdings at VIR.

1. Akakiev F. I., Zaitsev G. N. Temporary instruction for preparation to perforating of monitoring data handling of VIR collection. (Vremennaya instrukciya dlya podgotovki k schetno-perforacionnoj obrabotke dannyh nablyudenij po kollekcii) / Leningrad : VIR, 1966, 26 p. [in Russian]

2. Akakiev F. I., Zaitsev G. N. Guidelines for maintaining punch cards and data preparation for mathematical processing. (Metodicheskie ukazaniya po vedeniyu perfokartoteki podgotovke danny`x k matematicheskoj obrabotke). Leningrad, 1967. 29 p. [in Russian]

3. Budanova V. I., Lagutina L. V. Ed. Korneychuk V. A. Classifier of the genus Phaseolus L. (beans). (Klassifikator roda Phaseolus L. (fasol’). Leningrad, 1979. 28 p. [in Russian]

4. Budanova V., Lagutina L., Korneichuk V., Pastorec M., Uznic M., Gofirek P., Moravec M., Odegnal V. (Czechoslovakia). Wide unified classifier of the CMEA and the International Classifier of the CMEA of the cultural species of the genus Phaseolus L. (Shirokij unificirovanny`j klassifikator SE`V I Mezhdunarodny`j klassifikator SE`V kul`turnyh vidov roda Phaseolus L.). Leningrad, 1984. 45 p. [in Russian]

5. Budanova V., Lagutina L., Korneichuk V., Pastorec M., Uznic M., Gofirek P., Moravec I. The international comecon list of descriptors for cultivated species of the genus Phaseolus L. Leningrad : VIR, 1985. 45 p. [in Russian]

6. Buravtseva T. V. Characteristics of varieties of common beans of grain direction from Bulgaria. (Harakteristika sortov fasoli zernovogo napravleniya iz Bolgarii) // Bull. VIR. Grain Legume. Leningrad, 1989? iss. 193, pp. 40–43 [in Russian]

7. Buravtseva T. V., Egorova G. P. 100 years of VIR common bean collection // Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding. 2012, vol. 169, pp. 112–119 [in Russian]

8. Chekalin N. M. Genetic bases of selection of leguminous cultures for resistance to pathogens. (Geneticheskie osnovy` selekcii zernobobovyh kul`tur na ustojchivost` k patogenam.). Poltava, 2003. 187 p. [in Russian]

9. Express review. Ready investigations of markets. (E`kspress−obzor. Gotovy`e issledovaniya ry`nkov) – [Electronic resource] 2017. URL: http://www.e-o.ru/news/238468 (reference date: 27.09.2018) [in Russian]

10. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) – 2016 [Electronic resource]. URL: http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/qc (reference date: 27.09.2018).

11. Korneychuk V. A., Baresh I., Karabanova G. L., Menshikova L. A. / Ed. V. G. Kukekov. Guidelines for compiling classifiers and primary documents for collecting information on the collection of the world's plant resources VIR. (Metodicheskie ukazaniya po sostavleniyu klassifikatorov i pervichnyh dokumentov sbora informacii po kollekcii mirovyh rastitel`nyh resursov VIR). Leningrad, 1978. 148 p.[in Russian]

12. Miroshnichenko I. I., Demina R. B., Leokene L. V., Makasheva R. H., Adamova O. P., Stepanova S. I., Pavlova A. M., Korsakov N. I., Sokolova V. N., Budanova V. I., Luzina Z. A. / Ed. N. R. Ivanov. Method of studying the collection of leguminous crops. (Metodika izucheniya kollekcii zernobobovyh kul`tur). Leningrad, 1968. 173 p. [in Russian]

13. Navabi A., Balasubramanian P., Pauls K. P., Bett K., Hou A. Genetic diversity of Canadian dry bean varieties released since 1930: a pedigree analysis. Crop Science. May-June 2014, vol. 54, pp. 993–1003.

14. Ranalli P. Phenotypic recurrent selection in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) based on performance of S2 progenies // Euphytica. 1996. vol. 87. pp. 127–132.

15. Ranalli P. Processing, new food application and development of improved bean cultivars // Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et Environnement/Biotechnology, Agronomy, Society and Environment. 1999, vol. 3 (4), pp. 230–232.

16. State Register of Breeding Achievments. (Gosudarstvennyiy reestr selektsionnyih dostizheniy) – 2018 [Electronic resource]. URL: reestr.gossort.com/reestr/culture/20 (reference date: 23.09.2018) [in Russian]

17. Vishnyakova M. A., Buravtseva T. V., Bulyntsev S. V., Burlyaeva M. O., Semenova E. V., Seferova I. V., Aleksandrova T. G., Yan'kov I. I., Egorova G. P., Gerasimova T. V., Drugova E. V. Collection of world genetic resources of grain legumes VIR: replenishment, preservation and study. Methodical guidelines (Kollekciya mirovyh geneticheskih resursov zernovyh bobovyh kul'tur VIR: popolnenie, sohranenie I izuchenie. Metodicheskie ukazaniya). St. Petersburg : VIR, 2010, 141 p. [in Russian]

18. Zeven A. C. The introduction of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) into Western Europe and the phenotypic variation of dry beans collected in the Netherlands in 1946 // Euphytica. 1997, vol. 94, pp. 319–328.