NGS-секвенирование в селекционно-генетических исследованиях сои

Соя (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) является одной из важнейших зернобобовых культур, производство которой растет с каждым годом и на 2024 г. составляет около 7 миллионов тонн. Целью данного обзора было обобщение последних достижений в селекции сои, в том числе с применением методов высокопроизводительного секвенирования и геномных технологий. Соя является одним из наиболее изучаемых растений. Ввиду ее важности для сельского хозяйства селекционеры постоянно реализуют в своей работе наиболее передовые методы. Исследования, выполненные в последние годы, показали преимущество подходов, основанных на применении молекулярно-генетических маркеров. Первый вариант последовательности генома сои, геном G. max ‘Williams 82’, представили в 2010 г., и это событие значимо ускорило изучение и развитие генетических исследований культуры. Полученные данные позволили создавать ресурсы, направленные как на изучение функциональной организации генов сои, так и на выведение новых улучшенных сортов. В обзоре обобщены результаты по крупным проектам секвенирования сои, в том числе и пангеномные работы. Описаны методы, применяющиеся для генетического картирования высокого разрешения, такие как анализ SNP с использованием чипов и метод GBS (genotyping-by-sequencing). Представлена информация о генах сои, связанных с хозяйственно ценными и селекционно значимыми признаками, идентификация которых позволила выделить их в качестве мишеней для редактирования.

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