Evaluation of naked oat accessions from the VIR collection for their qualitative characteristics in Kazakhstan

Background. The grain of naked oat varieties has a unique biochemical composition (increased content of protein, starch, fat, and β-glucans) for the production of high-quality dietary food and feed. Relatively low adaptability restrains the spread of naked oat cultivars, but the demand for them has been increasing from year to year. Currently, only hulled oat cultivars are introduced into industrial cultivation in Kazakhstan, so the breeding trend aimed at the development of high-yielding naked oat cultivars may be regarded as a priority.

Materials and methods. Thirty-five accessions of naked oats (Avena  sativa L.  subsp. nudisativa (Husnot.) Rod. et Sold.) were selected from the germplasm collection of the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) for their suitability for the conditions in Kazakhstan in terms of the growing season, drought resistance and grain productivity. The study was carried out in 2015–2017 in the fields of the Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Crop Production (Almaty) and the Karabalyk Agricultural Experimental Station (Kostanay). Grain quality of naked oats was assessed by various methods according to a set of biochemical characters: the content of protein and its fractions, starch, amylose, fat and fatty acids, and β-glucans.

Results. The study of naked oat accessions from VIR in the environments of the southeastern Kazakhstan showed higher average values of protein content in grain than under the conditions in the north. As a result of the study, naked oat accessions with increased and stable indicators of the content of protein, starch, amylose, fat, individual fatty acids and β-glucans were identified for the conditions of the southeastern and northern regions of Kazakhstan. All selected accessions will be used in breeding programs of the Republic of Kazakhstan to develop high-yielding and high-quality naked oat cultivars.

1. Aalto-Kaarlehto T., Dengo K., Salovaara H. Oats for coeliacs? II. Fibre-concentrated oat bran in low-gluten baking. In: B. Mattisson, R. Lyhagen (eds). 3rd International Oat Conference, Lund, Sweden, July 4–8, 1988. Svalöf, Sweden: Svalöf AB; 1988. p.88.

2. Abugalieva A.I. Amylose content in the breeding of wheat, barley, oats and rice for grain quality. Current state and prospects for the development of genetics and breeding of grain crops in Kazakhstan (Soderzhaniye amilozy v selektsii pshenitsy, yachmenya, ovsa i risa na kachestvo zerna. Sovremennoye sostoyaniye i perspektivy razvitiya genetiki i selektsii zernovykh kultur v Kazakhstane). In: Collection of scientific papers of the Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, KN MES RK (Sbornik nauchnykh trudov Instituta biologii i biotekhnologii rasteniy KN MON RK). Almaty; 2012. p.44-51. [in Russian]

3. Abugalieva A.I. Biochemical composition of barley and oat grain in breeding. Catalogue (Biokhimicheskiy sostav zerna yachmenya i ovsa v selektsii. Katalog). Almaty; 2011b. [in Russian]

4. Abugalieva A.I. The content of starch and amylose in the grain of oat varieties of Kazakhstan (Soderzhaniye krakhmala i amilozy v zerne sortov ovsa Kazakhstana). Biotechnology. Theory and Practice. 2011a;(2):25-31. [in Russian]

5. Abugalieva A.I., Azhgaliev T.B. Characteristics of the varietal gene pool of oats in Kazakhstan for the protein complex (Kharakteristika sortovogo genofonda ovsa Kazakhstana po belkovomu kompleksu). Research, Results. 2010a;2(046):182-186. [in Russian]

6. Abugalieva A.I., Azhgaliev T.B. Testing the varietal gene pool of oats for distinctness, uniformity and stability (Testirovaniye sortovogo genofonda ovsa na otlichimost, odnorodnost i stabilnost). Vestnik selskokhozyaystvennykh nauk Kazakhstana = Bulletin of Agricultural Sciences of Kazakhstan. 2010b;(6):7-9. [in Russian]

7. Abugalieva A.I., Azhgaliev T.B. Varietal gene pool of oats in Kazakhstan: productivity and hulliness (Sortovoy genofond ovsa v Kazakhstane: produktivnost i plenchatost). Research, Results. 2010c;2(046):186-190. [in Russian]

8. Abugalieva A.I., Azhgaliev T.B., Savin T.V. Characteristic of oat varietal gene pool as to productivity and quality. Siberian Herald of Agricultural Sciences. 2011a;9-10(222);44-51. [in Russian]

9. Abugalieva A.I., Azhgaliev T.B., Savin T.V. Oat varietal genofund: oil content and quality. Modern Problems of Science and Education. 2012a;(1):198. [in Russian]

10. Abugalieva A.I., Savin T.V. β-glucan content in oats grain. Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science. 2013;4(233):76-83. [in Russian]

11. Abugalieva A.I., Sariev B.S., Savin T.V., Grando S., El-Haramein F. The content of β-glucan and nutritional value of varieties of oats and barley in Kazakhstan (Soderzhaniye β-glyukana i pitatelnaya tsennost sortov ovsa i yachmenya Kazakhstana). Vestnik selskokhozyaystvennykh nauk Kazakhstana = Bulletin of Agricultural Sciences of Kazakhstan. 2011b;(12):6-10. [in Russian]

12. Abugalieva A.I., Zhundibaev K.K., Sariev B.S. Breeding oats for productivity and quality (Selektsiya ovsa na produktivnost i kachestvo). Vestnik selskokhozyaystvennykh nauk Kazakhstana = Bulletin of Agricultural Sciences of Kazakhstan. 2012b;(7):13-16. [in Russian]

13. Batalova G.A. Contemplating the problem of oats grain quality. Agrarian Reporter of South-East. 2009;3(3):23-25. [in Russian]

14. Biel W., Bobko K., Maciorowski R. Chemical composition and nutritive value of husked and naked oats grain. Journal of Cereal Science. 2009;49(3):413-418. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2009.01.009

15. Frey K.J. Genetic resources of oats. In: H.L. Shands, L. Wiesner (eds). Use of plant introductions in cultivar development Part-I, CSSA Special Publication No. 17. Madison, WI: Crop Science Society of America; 1991. p.15-24.

16. Hall M.B., Tarr A.W. Oat starch quality and relationships to other quality traits. In: R.J. Cross (ed.). 6th International Oat Conference: Proceedings, held at Lincoln University, Lincoln, NZ, 13–16 November 2000. Canterbury, New Zealand: Lincoln University; 2000. p.25-30.

17. Konurbekov M. Breeding work on oats (Selektsionnaya rabota po ovsu). In: Scientific foundations of agricultural development in the south of Kazakhstan (Nauchnye osnovy razvitiya selskogo khozyaystva na yuge Kazakhstana). Almaty: Bastau; 2001. p.239-241. [in Russian]

18. Kozlova G.Ya., Akimova O.V. Comparative assessment of the bare-grained and filmy oats varieties on main parameters of corn quality. Agricultural Biology. 2009;44(5):87-89. [in Russian]

19. Kravchenko N. Varieties of barley and oats and their significance (Sorta yachmenya i ovsa i ikh znachimost). Vestnik selskokhozyaystvennykh nauk Kazakhstana = Bulletin of Agricultural Sciences of Kazakhstan. 2004;(7):8-9. [in Russian]

20. Loskutov I.G. Oat (Avena L.). Distribution, taxonomy, evolution and breeding value. St. Petersburg: VIR; 2007. [in Russian]

21. Loskutov I.G., Chmeleva Z.V., Gubareva N.K., Khoreva V.I., Nizova G.K. Catalogue of the VIR global collection. Issue 704. Oats (Characteristics of grain samples of wild oat species in terms of the content and amino acid composition of protein and the content and fatty acid composition of oil under the conditions of Leningrad Province. Protein formulas of oats according to the electrophoretic spectra of avenin). St. Petersburg: VIR; 1999. [in Russian]

22. Loskutov I.G., Polonskiy V.I. Content of β-glucans in oat grain as a perspective direction of breeding for health products and fodder (review). Agricultural Biology. 2017;52(4):646-657. DOI: 10.15389/agrobiology.2017.4.646eng

23. Paton D. Oat starch: physical, chemical, and structural properties. In: F.H. Webster (ed.). Oats: Chemistry and Technology. St. Paul, Minnesota; 1986. p.93-120.

24. Peltonen-Sainio P., Kirkkari A.M., Jauhianen L. Characterising strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats in producing naked oat as a novel crop for northern growing conditions. Agricultural and Food Science. 2004:13(1-2);212-228.

25. Peterson D.M. Oat – a multifunctional grain. In: P. Peltonen-Sainio, M. Topi-Hulmi (eds). Proceedings: 7th International Oats Conference. Helsinki: MTT Agrifood Research Finland; 2004. p.21-26.

26. Polonskiy V., Loskutov I., Sumina A. Biological role and health benefit of antioxidant compounds in cereals. Biological Communication. 2020;65(1):53-67. DOI: 10.21638/spbu03.2020.105

27. Savin V.N., Abugaliev I.A., Abugalieva A.I. Optimization of analytical research in crop production (Optimizatsiya analiticheskikh issledovaniy v rasteniyevodstve). Russian Agricultural Sciences. 1998;(2):13-15. [in Russian]

28. Zhundibaev K.K., Sariev B.S. Breeding of oats in Kazakhstan (Selektsiya ovsa v Kazakhstane). Almaty; 2009. [in Russian]