Южноамериканские виды Solanum alandiae Card. и S. okadae Hawkes et Hjerting как потенциальные источники генов устойчивости к фитофторозу картофеля

Дикорастущие виды Solanum L. секция Petota Dumort., сначала S. demissum Buk., а позже S. bulbocastanum Dun., S. stoloniferum Schlechtd. et Bché, S. venturii Hawkes et Hjerting (здесь и далее по системе Hawkes, 1990) и другие – служат источниками генов устойчивости к Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary (genes for resistance to P. infestans, Rpi-гены) в селекции картофеля на устойчивость к фитофторозу методами отдаленной гибридизации и транс- или цисгеноза. В отличие от Rpi-генов, детально охарактеризованных у видов Solanum из Северной и Центральной Америки, прежде всего серий Bulbocastana (Rydb.) Hawkes, Demissa Buk. и Longipedicellata Buk., Rpi-гены южноамериканских видов, включая серию Tuberosa (Rydb.) Hawkes, изучены очень слабо. К числу последних относятся S. alandiae Card. и S. okadae Hawkes et Hjerting. Четыре образца S. alandiae, образец S. okadae и 11 клонов межвидовых гибридов S. alandiae с культурным картофелем из коллекции ВИР исследовали методом ПЦР с помощью специфичных SCAR-маркеров (Sequence Characterized Amplified Region) восьми Rpi-генов. Последовательности SCAR-маркеров пяти обнаруженных Rpi-генов валидировали, сравнивая их с генами-прототипами из Генбанка NCBI. Среди структурных гомологов Rpi-генов, найденных у S. alandiae и S. okadae, особый интерес представляют гомологи Rpi-генов с широкой расовой специфичностью: R2=Rpi-blb3, R8, R9a, Rpi-vnt1 и Rpi-blb2 (соответственно 94–99, 94–99, 86–89, 92–98 и 91% сходства с генами-прототипами). Полученные данные будут способствовать лучшему пониманию дивергенции Rpi-генов в процессе эволюции клубненосных видов Solanum, особенно в серии Tuberosa.

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