The use of classical and modern methods in rapeseed (Brassica napus) breeding at VNIIMK

Introduction. Rapeseed is a facultative autogamous plant; its percentage of cross-pollination is 10–50%, so rapeseed breeding engages the line and population breeding methods as well as the development of hybrids and all innovative research approaches.

Material and methods. Among the main techniques used for the development of parent material and, eventually, cultivars at the Pustovoit Institute (VNIIMK) is the pedigree method (individual selection from intraspecific and interspecific hybrid populations, combined with inbreeding). Physical and chemical mutagenesis is also employed in rapeseed breeding at VNIIMK. The material with yellow-colored seed coat has been obtained by exposing rapeseed seeds to various doses of gamma rays (50, 100 and 150 kR). Seed treatment with chemical mutagens is primarily aimed at changing the fatty acid composition of oil.

Results. Breeding achievements for winter and spring rapeseed, registered by VNIIMK in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation over the past 15 years, are highly productive line cultivars with a seed yield of 4–5 t/ha for winter rapeseed, and 2–3 t/ha for spring rapeseed. Promising experimental interline hybrids, significantly exceeding the reference in seed yield (by 1.61–2.26 t/ha), have been developed. Yellowseeded lines, which exceed the black-seeded reference cv. ‘Tavrion’ in seed yield by 0.08–0.15 t/ha, have been selected. We developed the material with an oleic acid level of 78.9–80.5%.

1. Bochkaryova E.B., Gorlova L.A, Serdyuk V.V., Strelnikov E.A. The results and perspectives of breeding of winter rapeseed hybrids in VNIIMK. Oil Crops. Scientific and Technical Bulletin of VNIIMK. 2018;4(176):48-57. [in Russian] DOI: 10.25230/2412-608X-2018-4-176-48-57

2. Bochkareva E.B., Shpota V.I., Shvedov I.V. Use of radiationinduced mutagenesis in developing yellow-seeded spring rape of “000” type. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Rapeseed Congress. Canada; 1991. p.212.

3. Efimenko S.G., Efimenko S.K., Kucherenko L.A., Nagalev skaya Ya.A. Quick-assay of the content of the main fatty acids in oil of rapeseed seeds by means of IR-spectrometry. Oil Crops. Scientific and Technical Bulletin of VNIIMK. 2015;(4-164):35-40. [in Russian]

4. Goncharov S.V., Gorlova L.A. Oil crops: new challenges and trends in their development. Oil Crops. Scientific and Technical Bulletin of VNIIMK. 2018a;2(174):96-100. [in Russian] DOI: 10.25230/2412-608X-2018-2-174-96-100

5. Goncharov S.V., Gorlova L.A. Stronger rapeseed competition in Russia. Oil Crops. Scientific and Technical Bulletin of VNIIMK. 2018b;1(173):36-41. [in Russian] DOI: 10.25230/2412-608X-2018-1-173-36-41

6. Gorlov S.L., Bochkareva E.B., Gorlova L.A., Serdyuk V.V. The high oleic variety of spring rapeseed Amulet. Oilseeds. Oil Crops. Scientific and Technical Bulletin of VNIIMK. 2015;2(162):127-128. [in Russian]

7. Gorlova L.A., Bochkaryova E.B., Serdyuk V.V., Efimenko S.G. Main trends and results of rapeseed and turnip rape breeding in VNIIMK. Izvestiya of Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. 2017;(2):20-33. [in Russian]

8. Khadzhinov M.I. Cytoplasmic male sterility in breeding and seed production (Tsitoplazmaticheskaya muzhskaya sterilnost v selektsii i semenovodstve). In: Cytoplasmic male sterility in breeding and seed production of maize (Tsitoplazmaticheskaya muzhskaya sterilnost v selektsii i semenovodstve kukuruzy). Kiev; 1962. p.103-140. [in Russian]

9. Lukomets V.M., Bochkarev N.I., Baranov V.F., Sviridov A.A., Krokhmal S.D., Trunova M.V., Shapovalova L.G. The outpost of oil industry in Russia (Forpost maslichnoy otrasli Rossii). Krasnodar: VNIIMK; 2012. [in Russian]

10. Piven V.T., Serdyuk O.A. Phytosanitary monitoring of rapeseed diseases (Fitosanitarny monitoring bolezney rapsa). Oil Crops. Scientific and Technical Bulletin of VNIIMK. 2011;2(148-149):162-166. [in Russian]

11. Spaar D. (ed.). Rapeseed and turnip rape: cultivation, harvesting, storage and use (Raps i surepitsa: vyrashchivaniye, uborka, khraneniye i ispolzovaniye). Kiev: Zerno Publ. House; 2012. [in Russian]

12. Van Deynze A.E., Beversdorf W.D., Pauls K.P. Temperature effects on seed color in black- and yellow-seeded rapeseed. Can. J. Plant Sci. 1993;73:383-387.