The effect of additional UV-A irradiation on some biochemical and morphometric indicators in potato under greenhouse conditions

Background. Ultraviolet (UV-А) radiation is an important environmental factor with a significant impact on plants. Plants in greenhouses often experience a deficiency in UV-А radiation that can negatively affect their physiological processes.

Materials and methods. An experimental study was conducted to analyze the effect of UV-A irradiation on meristem plants of potato cvs. ‘Shakh’ and ‘Nevsky’ after their transplantation to a summer greenhouse. One sector of the greenhouse was equipped with lamps emitting light at a wavelength of 380 nm. Regenerated potato plants of both cultivars were exposed to radiation for 10, 20, and 30 days (experiment variants: UV1, UV2, and UV3) for one hour in the evening.

Results. The analysis revealed the effect of UV-A irradiation on the biochemical parameters in potato, including concentration of photosynthetic pigments in the leaves, as well as the content of dry matter, starch, and total sugars in the tubers. Additionally, morphometric characteristics were studied, such as the number and weight of minitubers. The obtained results showed that UV-A irradiation induced an increase in the number of minitubers and reduced their weight. For cv. ‘Nevsky’, the total number of minitubers increased by 30% in the UV1 variant, while their average weight decreased by 10%. For cv. ‘Shakh’, an increase in the number of minitubers by 10% was observed in all variants of exposure to UV-A. The maximum content of dry matter in minitubers of both cultivars was registered under the 10-day exposure, exceeding the control by 9.5%. The starch content in the two cultivars was high, with a maximum observed under UV3 treatment.

Conclusion. UV irradiation stimulates photosynthetic processes, increasing the content of chlorophyll and carotenoids, and also affects carbohydrate metabolism, which leads to an increase in the content of sugars and starch in potato tubers and an increased number of minitubers developed on regenerated plants.

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