Status and global trends in the cultivation of varieties and breeding forms of various Actinidia spp.

The objective of the research was to study the diversity of cultivated species and varieties of Actinidia Lindl., assess the status and analyze the trends pertaining to the cultivation of various Actinidia spp. in order to find out whether it is possible to cultivate them in the Crimea. The fruits of Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa (A. Chev.) A. Chev. (kiwi) are among the most valuable subtropical fruit plants. The leader among the main kiwifruit-producing regions is Asia (54.5%), and significant amounts are produced in Europe (24.1%) and Oceania (14.4%). The largest producer of kiwi is China; in 2023, this country harvested 54.0% of the global production. Besides, significant harvests are collected in Italy and New Zealand, and somewhat less in Chile, Iran, and Greece. Until 1999, the world production of kiwi was about one million tons. A steady production growth and the expansion of cultivation areas have been observed since 2000. In 2023, the production increased 4.9 times compared to 1994, and the area 4.8 times. FAO reported a significant increase in the production of A. chinensis var. deliciosa fruits, and new trends towards the cultivation of A. kolomikta (Maxim. et Rupr.) Maxim., A. arguta (Siebold еt Zucc.) Planch. ex Miq., and some other Actinidia spp.

The breeding work in the Nikita Botanical Gardens has been aimed at the development of cultivars of A. chinensis var. deliciosa that are most adapted to the conditions of the Crimea, and a new cultivar, ‘Nikitskaya Yubileynaya’, has been released. Producing new Actinidia cultivars acclimated to the most favorable areas for their cultivation will expand the range and increase the production of fruits in Russia.

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