Influence of the semidesert climate in Astrakhan Province on agronomic characters in cotton
https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2026-1-o21
Abstract
Background. Expanding the area of cultivation for heat-loving crops, such as cotton, to the north due to climate change requires an insight into the nature of variability of the most important agronomic characters to formulate the tasks for breeders in the south of Russia. The harsh semidesert climate of Astrakhan Province serves well to identify heat- and drought-resistant cotton accessions.
Materials and methods. A set of 21 accessions of Gossypium hirsutum L. of European and Central Asian origin from the VIR collection were tested according to VIR’s guidelines for four agronomic characters and the length of the germination-to-maturity period. The tests were performed in 2022–2024 at the Caspian Agrarian Federal Research Center (Chernoyarsky District, northwest of Astrakhan Province). Two-way ANOVA and principal component factor analysis (PCA) were applied using Excel 2016 and STATISTICA 7.0.
Results and conclusion. The best results for almost all characters were recorded in 2022, except for seed cotton weight per boll that was significantly higher in 2024. Average values for the tested set were comparable in 2023 and 2024, with the latter year slightly worse. ANOVA showed that the major part of variability for most characters was influenced by the genotype, except for the length of the growing season. The effect of weather conditions was also significant. PCA confirmed that late-ripening cultivars would not be productive in the north of Astrakhan Province, and that higher boll weight did not correlate with productivity, as midseason and late cultivars had larger bolls. Bulgarian accessions with the best performance over three years were selected: k-7212, k-7214, k-7291, and k-7363. The studied variability of important agronomic characters under the influence of weather conditions and their identified correlations will help to set priorities in cotton breeding for specific environments.
Supporting agencies: The study was conducted within the framework of the state task according to the theme plan of VIR under Project No. FGEM-2022-0005 “Plant resources of oil and fiber crops at VIR as the basis for theoretical research and their practical utilization”.
About the Authors
R. K. Tuz
Caspian Agrarian Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Ruslan K. Tuz, Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Scientific Secretary
8 Severny Block, Solenoe Zaimishche, Chernoyarsky District, Astrakhan Province 416251, Russia
E. G. Myagkova
Caspian Agrarian Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Elena G. Myagkova, Researcher, Acting Head of a Laboratory
8 Severny Block, Solenoe Zaimishche, Chernoyarsky District, Astrakhan Province 416251, Russia
K. V. Illarionova
Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Kseniya V. Illarionova, Cand. Sci. (Engineering), Associate Professor
29 Polytekhnicheskaya Street, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia
L. P. Podolnaya
N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Larisa P. Podolnaya, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Leading Researcher, VIR
42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000, Russia
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Review
For citations:
Tuz R.K., Myagkova E.G., Illarionova K.V., Podolnaya L.P. Influence of the semidesert climate in Astrakhan Province on agronomic characters in cotton. Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding. 2026;187(1):140-151. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2026-1-o21
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