Влияние цинка и меди на характеристики роста, урожайность, состав эфирного масла и антимикробные свойства тайского базилика (Ocimum basilicum var. thyrsiflora), выращиваемого во Вьетнаме

Базилик тайский (Ocimum basilicum var. thyrsiflora (L.) Benth.) (Lamiaceae) нашел широкое применение благодаря своему химическому составу в парфюмерии, медицине и кулинарии. В данном исследовании изучалось влияние цинка (Zn; 0, 10, 20 мг/кг почвы) и меди (Cu; 0, 5, 10 мг/кг почвы), как по отдельности, так и в комбинации, на рост, урожайность, состав эфирного масла и антимикробные свойства тайского базилика, выращенного во Вьетнаме. Оптимальные параметры растений: увеличение высоты, количества боковых побегов, урожая свежей и сухой зеленой массы, а также выход эфирного масла, были получены при концентрациях Zn 10 мг/кг и Cu 5 мг/кг. Основные компоненты эфирного масла - линалоол (41,64-53,27%) и метилхавикол (22,45-37,56%), максимальные концентрации которых были зафиксированы при тех же дозах цинка и меди. Антимикробные тесты показали высокую активность эфирного масла против Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli и Candida albicans, с минимальными подавляющими концентрациями (MIC) от 25 до 100 мкг/мл. Однако более высокие уровни Zn и Cu отрицательно сказывались на росте, урожайности и качестве эфирного масла. Исследование подчеркивает важность контроля уровней цинка и меди в почве для оптимизации роста и свойств эфирного масла тайского базилика. Полученные результаты могут быть рекомендованы для повышения сельскохозяйственного производства тайского базилика с учетом повышения как урожайности зеленой массы, так и ее качества.

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