Concerning the biology of black garlic (Allium nigrum L.) under cultivation in the South-Ural Botanical Garden
Abstract
Background. A comprehensive study of crop wild relatives is necessary to disclose the useful plant genetic diversity for further utilization as food crops, vitamin-bearing or ornamental plants. The results of studying the introduction of a new species for the Republic of Bashkortostan – the black garlic (Allium nigrum L.) – are presented, with an assessment of the prospects of this species for cultivation.
Materials and methods. In 2018–2024, the features of the development of A. nigrum plants from seeds, their phenology, morphometry, and reproductive capacity at a young generative age were evaluated using conventional methods, and the success of the species’ introduction was assessed using the methodology of the Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The data analysis employed variation statistics techniques with standard indicators.
Results. A. nigrum plants reached the generative phase in the 5–6th year after sowing. They bloomed and bore fruit annually, their seasonal development was stable, and the development rhythm was ephemeroid. They started to vegetate in the 1st or 2nd ten-day period of April, and blossomed in late May / first half of June. Flowering lasted on average 13 days. Fruiting occured in the 2nd half of July / first half of August. The growing season lasted on average 117 days. Morphological characters showed the following mean values: stem height was 61.9 cm; leaf blade length, 27.1 cm; leaf blade width, 2.8 cm; inflorescence diameter, 4.9 cm; flower diameter, 1.8 cm: number of flowers, 39.5 pcs. Mean reproductive indicators were as follows: number of fruits was 29.1 pcs.; fruit formation, 73.6%; factual seed productivity, 107.9 pcs.; productivity ratio, 44.8%. Both seed and vegetative reproduction patterns were observed. Absolute seed weight was 4.0 g; plants also developed bulblets (3–5 pcs.). The assessment of plant introduction stability proved that A. nigrum is a promising plant for the southern Cis-Urals.
About the Authors
L. A. TukhvatullinaRussian Federation
Lenvera A. Tukhvatullina, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Senior Researcher, Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, South-Ural Botanical Garden–Institute – subdivision of the UFRC RAS
195/3 Mendeleeva St., Ufa 450080, Russia
L. M. Abramova
Russian Federation
Larisa M. Abramova, Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor, Chief Researcher, Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, South-Ural Botanical Garden–Institute – subdivision of the UFRC RAS
195/3 Mendeleeva St., Ufa 450080, Russia
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Tukhvatullina L.A., Abramova L.M. Concerning the biology of black garlic (Allium nigrum L.) under cultivation in the South-Ural Botanical Garden. Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding.
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