Восстановление архитектоники колоса древнего ячменя из раскопа Усвятского городища XII века

Актуальность. В статье приводятся данные об архитектонике колосьев древнего ячменя XII века, найденного при раскопках Усвятского городища в 2019 г. Используя современные молекулярно-генетические подходы, были изучены гены доместикации (Btr1, Btr2, Vrs) древних и современных образцов ячменя коллекции ВИР.
Материалы и методы. Исследованы карбонизированные зерновки, найденные археологами при раскопках Усвят. Осуществлен дизайн праймеров генов доместикации и поставлены ПЦР с современными и древними зерновками ячменя. Работы по изучению древних зерновок выполняли согласно правилам организации палеогенетической лаборатории, исключающим контаминацию с современной ДНК. Фрагменты генов доместикации современных и древних образцов ячменя секвенировали по Сэнгеру.
Результаты исследования. Выполнено выделение древней ДНК и дальнейшее ее обогащение. Анализ последовательностей генов доместикации позволил восстановить особенности строения колоса древнего ячменя.
Заключение. Восстановлена архитектоника древних злаковых. Выявлено, что древний ячмень являлся двурядным и ломкоколосым.

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