Rapid assessment of main agronomic indicators in the grain of winter and spring forms of triticale using infrared spectroscopy

Background. Calibration models were developed for rapid assessment of crucial agronomic indicators in the grain of winter and spring triticale from the VIR collection using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). These calibration models will enable users to find the most optimal utilization trends for individual triticale accessions.
Materials and methods. Indicators of agronomic value (coloration, moisture, and the content of ash, protein, starch, amylose and fiber) were studied on a set of 32 grain samples collected from winter and spring triticale forms (Triticosecale Wittm. & A. Camus) reproduced in 2021–2022 at the Dagestan Experiment Station, a branch of the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR). Calibration models for the assessment of the said agronomic characters in triticale grain were developed on the platform of the MATRIX-I IR analyzer (Bruker Optics, Germany) and based on the values obtained by classical methods of biochemical analysis adopted at VIR.
Results. Reliability of the calibration models was tested on a randomized batch of triticale grain samples: the results of the new calibrations were compared with those of the conventional biochemical analysis. This verification showed that the data obtained through the use of calibration curves were reliable for protein and ash content, while other models required further improvement.
Conclusion. Calibration models for measuring protein and ash content developed on the basis of the MATRIX-I IR analyzer can be used to perform rapid assessment of the winter and spring triticale grain. This method makes it possible to accelerate the process of obtaining crop characteristics for a number of basic agronomic characters and preserve valuable breeding material.

1. Abd Manaf F.Y., Chung A.Y.K. Automatic crude oil dilution control with premium oil segregation using near infrared (NIR) on-line system. Journal of Oil Palm Research. 2018;30(2):306-314. DOI: 10.21894/jopr.2018.0012

2. Batasheva B.A., Abdullaev R.A. Barley yield under irrigated agriculture condition in Southern Dagestan (Urozhaynost yachmenya v usloviyakh oroshayemogo zemledeliya Yuzhnogo Dagestana). Problemy razvitiya APK regiona = Problems of Development of the Regional Agro-Industrial Complex. 2012;11(3):9-13. [in Russian]

3. Chikida N.N., Okhotnikovа T.V., Bekish L.P., Upelniek V.P., Gradskov S.M., Zavgorodny S.V. et al. Characterization of various triticale genomes according to their physicochemical and baking qualities (Kharakteristika raznogenomnykh tritikale po fizikobiokhimicheskim i khlebopekarnym kachestvam). Zdorovye – osnova chelovecheskogo potentsiala: problemy i puti ikh resheniya = Health – the Base of Human Potential: Problems and Ways to Solve Them. 2015;10(2):1032-1042. [in Russian]

4. Efimenko S.G., Efimenko S.K. Determination of oil and moisture contents in mustard seeds using IR spectrometry. Oil Crops. Scientific and Technical Bulletin of VNIIMK. 2019;4(180):36-44. [in Russian] DOI: 10.25230/2412-608Х2019-4-180-36-44

5. Efimenko S.G., Efimenko S.K. Express-estimation of oil content and the main fatty acid contents in oil of turnip rape seeds using IR-spectrometry. Oil Crops. Scientific and Technical Bulletin of VNIIMK. 2022;1(189):34-44. [in Russian] DOI: 10.25230/2412-608X-2022-1-189-34-44

6. Efimenko S.G., Efimenko S.K., Kucherenko L.A., Nagalevskaya Ya.A. Quick-assay of the content of the main fatty acids in oil of rapeseed seeds by means of IR-spectrometry. Oil Crops. Scientific and Technical Bulletin of VNIIMK. 2015;4(164):35-40. [in Russian]

7. Efimenko S.G., Kucherenko L.A., Efimenko S.K., Nagalevskaya Ya.A. Evaluation of the general qualitative traits of soybean seeds using IR-spectrometry. Oil Crops. Scientific and Technical Bulletin of VNIIMK. 2016;3(167):33-38. [in Russian]

8. Ermakov A.I., Arasimovich V.V., Yarosh N.P., Peruanskiy Yu.V., Lukovnikova G.A., Ikonnikova M.I. Methods of biochemical research in plants (Metody biokhimicheskogo issledovaniya rasteniy). A.I. Ermakov (ed.). 3rd ed. Leningrad: Agropromizdat; 1987. [in Russian]

9. GOST 10967-2019. Interstate standard. Grain. Methods for determination of odour and colour. Moscow: Standartinform; 2019. [in Russian] URL: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200166587 [дата обращения: 14.03.2024].

10. GOST 32749-2014. Interstate standard. Oilseeds, oilcakes and oilmeals. Determination of moisture, oil, protein and fiber by Near-Infrared Reflectance. Moscow: Standartinform; 2019. [in Russian] URL: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200111470 [дата обращения: 14.03.2024].

11. Grabovets A.I., Krokhmal A.V. Triticale: monograph (Tritikale: monografiya). Rostov-on-Don: Yug; 2019. [in Russian]

12. Gruzdev L.G., Zhebrak E.A., Novikov N.V. Fractional amino acid composition and biological value of triticale grain proteins in the process of its formation (Fraktsionny aminokislotny sostav i biologicheskaya tsennost belkov zerna tritikale v protsesse yego formirovaniya). Izvestiya of Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. 1976;(2):98-109. [in Russian]

13. Heise H.M. Donald A. Burns, Emil W. Ciurczak (Eds.): Handbook of near-infrared analysis, 3rd ed. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 2009;393:1387-1389. DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2580-0

14. Kazakov E.D. Biochemistry of grain and its processed products (Biokhimiya zerna i produktov yego pererabotki). Moscow: Kolos; 1980. [in Russian]

15. Khoreva V.I., Popov V.S., Kon’kova N.G. Application of the IR spectrometry method in the screening study of various oat species. Ecological genetics. 2022;20(4):349-357. DOI: 10.17816/ecogen108503

16. Kondratenko Ye.P., Konstantinova O.B., Soboleva O.M., Izhmulkina Ye.A. Carbohydrate and fat accumulation in the grain of winter crops depending on varietal features. Bulletin of Altai State Agricultural University. 2015;8(130):27-34. [in Russian]

17. Kurkiev U.K. Actual problems of triticale breeding and creation of new initial material. Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding. 2000;158:44-58. [in Russian]

18. Merezhko A.F., Udachin R.A., Zuev E.V., Filatenko A.A. Serbin A.A., Lyapunova O.A., Kosov V.Yu., Kurkiev U.K., Okhotnikova T.V., Navruzbekov N.A., Boguslavskiy R.L., Abdulaeva A.K., Chikida N.N., Mitrofanova O.P., Potokina S.A. Replenishment, preservation in living form and study of the world collection of wheat, Aegilops and triticale: guidelines (Popolneniye, sokhraneniye v zhivom vide i izucheniye mirovoy kollektsii pshenitsy, egilopsa i triticale: metodicheskiye ukazaniya). A.F. Merezhko (ed.). St. Petersburg: VIR; 1999. [in Russian]