Применение комбинированных удобрений для улучшения роста, урожайности и эфирномасличного состава базилика (Ocimum basilicum L.)

   Базилик (Ocimum basilicum L.) – жизненно важная ароматическая культура, широко используемая в кулинарии и парфюмерной промышленности. В настоящем исследовании двухлетний полевой эксперимент (2019 и 2020 г.) был направлен на оценку влияния различных удобрений на рост, урожайность и состав эфирного масла базилика, выращиваемого в провинции Тханьхоа, Вьетнам. Обработки удобрениями включали: отсутствие удобрений (контроль), химические удобрения (NPK в дозе 90-120-90 кг/га), коровий навоз, куриный помет и комбинацию химических удобрений, коровьего и куриного помета. Применение удобрений привело к значительным улучшениям по различным параметрам по сравнению с контрольной группой. Растения базилика, обработанные удобрениями, показали увеличение высоты, количества боковых стеблей, свежей и сухой урожайности, содержания хлорофилла и каротиноидов, выхода эфирного масла и содержания эфирного масла. Эфирное масло, экстрагированное из базилика, содержало летучие соединения, основными компонентами которых были метилхавикол, линалоол, β-элемен и эпи-α-кадинол. Пропорции этих соединений варьировались в зависимости от внесения удобрений. Примечательно, что комбинированный подход к внесению химических удобрений, коровьего и куриного помета оказался наиболее эффективным и значимым для стимулирования роста базилика и производства эфирного масла. Эти результаты не только способствуют оптимизации методов выращивания базилика, но и повышают информированность сельскохозяйственного сообщества, подчеркивая важность сбалансированного внесения удобрений для максимизации качества и урожайности эфирного масла базилика во вьетнамском контексте.

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