Resistance of modern spring barley cultivars to harmful organisms
https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2021-4-108-116
Abstract
Background. Diseases and pests cause great damage to barley stands and harvests. Harvest losses from harmful organisms reach 25–30%.
Materials and methods. During 2017–2020, 46 spring barley cultivars from the VIR collection, listed in the State Register for Selection Achievements, were studied for their resistance to fritfly, net and spot blotches, brown rust, and powdery mildew. The tests were carried out in the field with provocative colonization by fritfly and under natural infection pressure of leaf pathogens.
Results and conclusions. In 2017, net blotch predominated over other diseases. In 2018, there was an epyphytotic outburst of spot blotch, and cultivars with weak development of this disease were identified. In 2019 and 2020, the incidence of brown rust and powdery mildew was significant, and the virulence of fritfly increased greatly in the same years. Field tests resulted in identification of 3 barley accessions resistant to fritfly: ‘Odon’ (k-31118, Buryatia), ‘Miar’ (k-31203, Orenburg Province), and ‘Omsky 99’ (k-31230, Omsk Province). Cv. ‘Posada’ (k-31245, Germany) was weakly affected by fritfly, brown rust and powdery mildew. Cultivars were selected for their low susceptibility to powdery mildew (up to 5%): ‘Chiraz’ (k-31131, Denmark), ‘Cheerio’ (k-31297, Denmark), and ‘Odyssey’ (k-31333, England), and brown rust: ‘Chiraz’ (k-31131, Denmark), ‘Eifel’ (k-31249, France), ‘Ursa’ (k-31339), and ‘Sunshine’ (k-31129, Germany). Such long-term assessment results can be used in breeding programs to develop cultivars with group or complex resistance to harmful organisms.
Keywords
commercial barley cultivars,
fritfly,
powdery mildew,
net blotch,
spot blotch,
brown rust,
resistance
Supporting agencies: The research was performed within the framework of the State Task according to the theme plan of VIR, Project No. 0662-2019-0006 “Search for and viability maintenance, and disclosing the potential of hereditary variation in the global collection of cereal and groat crops at VIR for the development of an optimized genebank and its sustainable utilization in plant breeding and crop production”. The authors thank the reviewers for their contribution to the peer review of this work.
About the Authors
A. G. Semenova
Saint-Petersburg State Agrarian University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
2 Peterburgskoye Shosse, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196601
A. V. Anisimova
PiK Limited Liability Company
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
22 (A), Suite 11-N, Malaya Pushkarskaya Street, St. Petersburg 197101
O. N. Kovaleva
N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190000
References
1. Chesnokov P.G. Methods of researching into plant resistance to pests (Metody issledovaniy ustoychivosti rasteniy k vreditelyam). Moscow; 1953. [in Russian].
2. Chumakov A.E., Zakharova T.I. Virulence of crop diseases (Vredonosnost bolezney selskokhozyaystvennykh kultur). Moscow: Agropromizdat; 1990. [in Russian].
3. Geshele E.E. Fundamentals of phytopathological evaluation in plant breeding (Osnovy fitopatologicheskoy otsenki v selektsii rasteniy). 2nd ed. Moscow; 1978. [in Russian].
4. Geshele E.E. Methodological guide for phytopathological evaluation of crops (Metodicheskoye rukovodstvo po fitopatologicheskoy otsenke zernovykh kultur). Odessa; 1971. [in Russian].
5. Illarionov A.I., Samsonov R.A. Corn flies: spreading, harmfulness and their number restriction practice. Vestnik of Voronezh State Agrarian University. 2010;1(24):10-26. [in Russian].
6. Novozhilov K.V., Zakharenko V.A. Levels and trends of changes in the species composition and intrapopulation structure, areas of distribution for complexes of harmful and beneficial organisms, and forecast of dangerous phytosanitary situations by zones of the country (Urovni i tendentsii izmeneniya vidovogo sostava i vnutripopulyatsionnoy struktury, arealy kompleksov vrednykh i poleznykh organizmov i prognoz opasnykh fitosanitarnykh situatsiy po zonam strany). St. Petersburg; 2000. [in Russian].
7. Peterson R.F., Campbell A.B., Hannah A.E. A diagrammatic scale for estimating rust intensity on leaves and stems of cereals. Canadian Journal of Research. 1948;26c(5):496-500. DOI: 10.1139/cjr48c-033
8. Roelfs A.P., Singh R.P., Saari E.E., Rust diseases of wheat: Concepts and methods of disease management. Mexico: CIMMYT; 1992.
9. Semenova A.G., Kovaleva O.N., Orlov S.Yu., Yudin I.O. Resistance of barley varieties to Oscinella frit. Zashchita i karantin/rasteniy = Plant Protection and Quarantine. 2014;(7):16-18. [in Russian].
10. Semenova A.G., Yudin I.O. A possibility of preserving barley harvests under significant virulence of the fritfly (Vozmozhnost sokhraneniya urozhaya yachmenya pri znachitelnoy vredonosnosti shvedskoy mukhi). In: Scientific support for the development of the agro-industrial complex in the context of import substitution. Collection of scientific papers. Part 1. St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg State Agrarian University; 2018. p.75-80. [in Russian].
11. Zadoks J.C., Chang T.T., Konzak C.F. A decimal code for the growth stages of cereals. Weed Research. 1974;14(6):415-421. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3180.1974.tb01084.x
12. Zagovora A.V., Kgaevskaya O.S., Kravchenko A.B. Fritfly. Entomological evaluation of cereal and legume crop breeding material. Guidelines (Shvedskaya mukha. Entomologicheskaya otsenka selektsionnogo materiala zernovykh i zernobobovykh kultur. Metodicheskiye ukazaniya). Kharkiv; 1980. [in Russian].
13. Zakharenko V.A. Pesticides in the agrarian sector of Russia in the late 20th – early 21st centuries). Agrokhimiya = Agrochemistry. 2008;(11):86-96. [in Russian].
Review
For citations:
Semenova A.G., Anisimova A.V., Kovaleva O.N. Resistance of modern spring barley cultivars to harmful organisms. Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding. 2021;182(4):108-116. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2021-4-108-116
Views:
715
Email this article 