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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vir-nw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Труды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2227-8834</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0982</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30901/2227-8834-2021-2-53-62</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vir-nw-954</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КОЛЛЕКЦИИ МИРОВЫХ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИХ РЕСУРСОВ КУЛЬТУРНЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ ДЛЯ РАЗВИТИЯ ПРИОРИТЕТНЫХ НАПРАВЛЕНИЙ СЕЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>COLLECTIONS OF THE WORLD’S CROP GENETIC RESOURCES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PRIORITY PLANT BREEDING TRENDS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнительный анализ химического состава и размера крахмальных гранул в зерновках между диплоидными и тетраплоидными сортами сахарной кукурузы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparative analysis of the chemical composition and size of starch granules in grain between diploid and tetraploid sweetcorn cultivars</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5713-2328</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хатефов</surname><given-names>Э. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khatefov</surname><given-names>E. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>190000, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44; Отдел генетических ресурсов крупяных культур, ведущий научный сотрудник; д.б.н.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">haed1967@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2762-2777</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хорева</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khoreva</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>190000, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44; Отдел биохимии и молекулярной биологии, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела  биохимии и молекулярной биологии; к.б.н.</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">horeva43@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3728-6968</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Керв</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kerv</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>190000, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44; Отдел биохимии и молекулярной биологии, научный сотрудник; к.б.н.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kerv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3992-5353</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шеленга</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shelenga</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>190000, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44; Отдел биохимии и молекулярной биологии, старший научный сотрудник; к.б.н.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tatianashelenga@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5233-8949</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сидорова</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sidorova</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>190000, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44; Отдел биохимии и молекулярной биологии, старший научный сотрудник</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sidorova42@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3903-020X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демурин</surname><given-names>Я. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demurin</surname><given-names>Y. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>350038, г. Краснодар, ул. Филатова, 17; заведующий отделом биологических исследований ФГБНУ ФНЦ ВНИИМК; д.б.н., профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>17 Filatova St., Krasnodar 350038</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yakdemurin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2042-0681</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гольдштейн</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Goldstein</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>140051, Московская обл., п. Красково, ул. Некрасова, 11; к.т.н.</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>11 Nekrasova St., Kraskovo, Moscow Province 140051</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">6919486@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. Вавилова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный научный центр Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт масличных культур имени В.С. Пустовойта</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт крахмалопродуктов – филиал ФГБНУ «Федеральный научный центр пищевых систем им. В.М. Горбатова» РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>All-Russian Research Institute for Starch Products, branch of the V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of the RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>06</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>182</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>53</fpage><lpage>62</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Хатефов Э.Б., Хорева В.И., Керв Ю.А., Шеленга Т.В., Сидорова В.В., Демурин Я.Н., Гольдштейн В.Г., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хатефов Э.Б., Хорева В.И., Керв Ю.А., Шеленга Т.В., Сидорова В.В., Демурин Я.Н., Гольдштейн В.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khatefov E.B., Khoreva V.I., Kerv Y.A., Shelenga T.V., Sidorova V.V., Demurin Y.N., Goldstein V.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/954">https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/954</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность. Улучшение вкусовых качеств и пищевой ценности сахарной кукурузы селекционно-генетическими методами актуально. Тетраплоидный сорт сахарной кукурузы ‘Баксанская сахарная’ (к-23426) имеет ряд преимуществ по вкусовым и товарным качествам перед традиционными диплоидными сортами.</p><p>Цель исследования – определение отличительных биохимических особенностей, влияющих на вкусовые качества этого сорта, в сравнении с диплоидной кукурузой (сорт ‘Ранняя Лакомка’).Материалы и методы. Проведена оценка различий фенотипических признаков растений диплоидной (2n) и тетраплоидной (4n) кукурузы. Методом инфракрасной спектроскопии изучено различие биохимического состава зерновок по содержанию белка, крахмала, масла. Методом газо-жидкостной хроматографии с масс-спектрометрией изучено накопление метаболитов в сухой зерновке.Результаты. Сравнение фенотипических признаков растений диплоидной (2n) и тетраплоидной (4n) кукурузы показало, что структура початка, содержание белка и масла у тетраплоидной лучше. Анализ метаболитов показал, что в зерновках тетраплоидной кукурузы изменяются количественные показатели химических компонентов без изменения качественного состава. Химический состав метаболитов зерна 4n-кукурузы характеризуется усилением синтеза большинства органических кислот и свободных аминокислот, фосфорной кислоты, жирных кислот, некоторых моносахаридов, фенольных соединений и фитостеролов. Наблюдается снижение содержания большинства многоатомных спиртов, дисахаридов, трисахаридов, некоторых моносахаридов и фенольных соединений. Обнаружен ингибирующий эффект дозы гена su2 на размеры крахмальных гранул.Заключение. Результаты исследований показали, что сорт тетраплоидной сахарной кукурузы ‘Баксанская сахарная’ имеет улучшенную структуру початка и существенные отличия от диплоидной по биохимическому составу, влияющие на вкусовые качества.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. Improving the taste and nutritional value of sweetcorn using genetic selection techniques is an important trend. The tetraploid sugary maize cultivar ‘Baksanskaya sakharnaya’ (k-23426) has a number of advantages in terms of taste and marketability over traditional diploid varieties.The purpose of the research was to identify the distinctive biochemical characteristics that affect the taste of this cultivar in comparison with the diploid reference (cv. ‘Rannyaya Lakomka’, с-1775).Materials and methods. The differences in phenotypic traits between diploid (2n) and tetraploid (4n) maize plants were assessed. Infrared spectroscopy was used to study the difference in the biochemical composition of kernels in terms of protein, starch and oil content. Accumulation of metabolites in a dry kernel was studied using gas–liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry.Results. Comparison of the phenotypic traits in 2n and 4n sweetcorn plants showed that 4n had a better ear structure, protein and oil content. Analysis of metabolites showed that quantitative indicators of chemical components changed in kernels of the 4n sweetcorn without changing the qualitative composition. The chemical composition of the metabolites in 4n sweetcorn grain was characterized by an increase in the synthesis of most organic acids and protein amino acids, phosphoric acid, fatty acids, some monosaccharides, phenolic compounds, and phytosterols. A decrease in the content of most polyhydric alcohols, disaccharides, trisaccharides, some monosaccharides, and phenolic compounds was observed. An inhibitory effect of a su2 gene dose on the size of starch granules was found. Conclusion. The studies showed the advantage of the 4n sweetcorn over the 2n one due to its improved ear structure and biochemical composition, which positively affected the taste qualities.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Zea mays L.</kwd><kwd>su2</kwd><kwd>эндосперм</kwd><kwd>зародыш</kwd><kwd>маркер</kwd><kwd>тетраплоид</kwd><kwd>диплоид</kwd><kwd>биохимический состав</kwd><kwd>общие сахара</kwd><kwd>коллекция ВИР</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Zea mays L.</kwd><kwd>su2</kwd><kwd>endosperm</kwd><kwd>germ</kwd><kwd>marker</kwd><kwd>tetraploid</kwd><kwd>diploid</kwd><kwd>biochemical composition</kwd><kwd>total sugars</kwd><kwd>the VIR collection</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания согласно тематическому плану: – ВИР по проекту № 0662-2019-0006 «Поиск, поддержание жизнеспособности и раскрытие потенциала наследственной изменчивости мировой коллекции зерновых и крупяных культур ВИР для развития оптимизированного генбанка и рационального использования в селекции и растениеводстве»; – ВНИИ крахмалопродуктов – филиала ФГБНУ «ФНЦ пищевых систем им. В.М. Горбатова» РАН № 585-2018-0015 «Разработать теоретические и практические основы глубокой переработки крахмалсодержащего сырья на основе системного анализа его технологических свойств и разработать технологии извлечения крахмала и белковых концентратов с применением мембранных технологий и биоконверсии сырья».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was performed within the framework of the State Task according to the theme plans of: – VIR, Project No. 0662-2019-0006 “Search for and viability maintenance, and disclosing the potential of hereditary variation in the global collection of cereal and groat crops at VIR for the development of an optimized genebank and its sustainable utilization in plant breeding and crop production”; – All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Starch Products, branch of the V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of the RAS, No. 585-2018-0015 “To develop theoretical and practical foundations for deep processing of starch-containing raw materials based on a systematic analysis of their technological properties, and to develop technologies for extracting starch and protein concentrates using membrane technologies and bioconversion of raw materials”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abd El-Hamed K.E., Elwan M.W.M., Shaban W.I. Enhanced sweet corn propagation: Studies on transplanting feasibility and seed priming. Vegetable Crops Research Bulletin. 2011;75(1):31-50. DOI: 10.2478/v10032-011-0016-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abd El-Hamed K.E., Elwan M.W.M., Shaban W.I. Enhanced sweet corn propagation: Studies on transplanting feasibility and seed priming. 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