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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vir-nw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Труды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2227-8834</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0982</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30901/227-8834-2021-1-157-167</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vir-nw-884</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИММУНИТЕТ КУЛЬТУРНЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ И ИХ ДИКИХ РОДИЧЕЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>IMMUNITY OF CULTIVATED PLANTS AND THEIR WILD RELATIVES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние температурных режимов хранения семян сосны и ели на всхожесть и зараженность патогенными грибами</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The impact of temperature patterns during storage of Scots pine and Norway spruce seeds on their germination and fungal infection rates</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1777-3937</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Николаева</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikolaeva</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>194021, г. Санкт-Петербург, Институтский пер., 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>5 Institutsky Lane, St. Petersburg 194021</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marin.nikol_1060@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4616-2289</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Варенцова</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Varentsova</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>194021, г. Санкт-Петербург, Институтский пер., 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>5 Institutsky Lane, St. Petersburg 194021</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8566-0192</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сафина</surname><given-names>Г. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Safina</surname><given-names>G. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>190000, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Б. Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">g.safina52@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный лесотехнический университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">St Petersburg State Forest Technical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный лесотехнический университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">St Petersburg State Forest Technical University,<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. Вавилова<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>182</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>157</fpage><lpage>167</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Николаева М.А., Варенцова Е.Ю., Сафина Г.Ф., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Николаева М.А., Варенцова Е.Ю., Сафина Г.Ф.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nikolaeva M.A., Varentsova E.Y., Safina G.F.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/884">https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/884</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Одним из путей решения проблемы сохранения генофонда лесообразующих видов является сохранение качественного семенного материала ex situ. Результаты исследований могут быть использованы в областях науки, связанных с лесным семеноводством и лесной фитопатологией.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Исследовали семена, относящиеся к ортодоксальному типу – Рinus sylvestris L. и Picea abies (L.) Karst. разных лет заготовки (1996–2011 гг.), заложенные на хранение в 2011 г. при разных температурных режимах: +20°С, +4°С, –18°С и в парах жидкого азота (–182°С). Перед закладкой образцы семян были подсушены до влажности 4,2–4,4% и герметично упакованы. Всхожесть семян определяли перед закладкой на хранение, спустя 3 года, 5 и 8 лет. Определены зараженность семян и состав патогенных грибов.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. За восьмилетний срок хранения при температуре +20°С потеря всхожести семян сосны и ели, в зависимости от партии и года заготовки, составила от 13 до 60%. Хранение при –18°С и –182°С препятствует заражению и позволяет максимально сохранить посевные качества семян. В большинстве случаев энергия прорастания и всхожесть отрицательно коррелировали с уровнем зараженности семян. Биоразнообразие патогенных (плесневых) грибов на поверхности семян установлено на уровне 10 родов; наиболее часто встречаются: Aspergillus P. Micheli, Penicillium Link, Rhizopus Ehrenb., Scopulariopsis Bainier.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Показана успешность хранения семян при режимах низких и сверхнизких температур. Условия криоконсервации рекомендуются для долгосрочного хранения селекционно улучшенных и ценных семян.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance of the study</title><p>Relevance of the study. One of the ways to maintain the genetic diversity of forest-forming species is to preserve highquality seed material ex situ. However, the relationship between the diversity of pathogenic mycobiota and the duration and methods of forest tree seed storage remains underexplored. The results of research into this problem can be used in forest seed production and forest phytopathology.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. For our study we used seeds of Рinus sylvestris L. and Picea abies (L.) Karst. of the orthodox type, harvested in the period of 1996–2011 and stored under different temperatures: +20°С, +4°С, –18°С, and in liquid nitrogen vapor (–182°С) since 2011. Prior to their storage, seed samples were dried to a moisture content of 4.2–4.4% and hermetically packed. Seed germination was tested before and after three, five and eight years of storage, following GOST 13056.6-97 standards. The level of seed infection and the composition of pathogenic fungi were assessed.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. After eight years of storage at +20°С, pine and spruce seed germination capacity decreased by 13–60%, depending on the year of harvesting. Seed storage at –18°С and –182°С allowed us to prevent seed infection and preserve seed viability. In most cases, the germination energy and germination capacity were negatively correlated with the level of seed infection. The diversity of pathogenic (mold) fungi on the surface of seeds was represented by ten genera; the most common were saprotrophs: Aspergillus P. Micheli, Penicillium Link, Rhizopus Ehrenb., Scopulariopsis Bainier.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. At the present stage of research, the success of seed storage at low and ultralow temperatures was demonstrated. We recommend cryopreservation for the long-term storage of improved and valuable seeds.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>низкотемпературное хранение</kwd><kwd>криоконсервация</kwd><kwd>хвойные породы</kwd><kwd>качество семян</kwd><kwd>патогенная микобиота.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>low-temperature storage</kwd><kwd>cryopreservation</kwd><kwd>coni ferous tree species</kwd><kwd>seed quality</kwd><kwd>pathogenic mycobiota</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Работа третьего автора выполнена в рамках государственного задания согласно тематическому плану ВИР по проекту № 0481-2019-0003 «Обеспечение сохранения и пополнения коллекции генетических ресурсов растений».</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The work of the third author was carried out within the framework of a State Task in accordance with the theme plan of VIR under Project No. 0481-2019-0003 “Ensuring the conservation and replenishment of the collection of plant genetic resources”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бойко Т.А., Крылова И.О. 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