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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vir-nw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Труды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2227-8834</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0982</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30901/2227-8834-2021-1-110-122</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vir-nw-878</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА КУЛЬТУРНЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ И ИХ ДИКИХ РОДИЧЕЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GENETICS OF CULTIVATED PLANTS AND THEIR WILD RELATIVES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Аспекты применения метода химического мутагенеза при создании сортов  Calendula officinalis  L.</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Aspects of applying the method of chemical mutagenesis to develop cultivars of Calendula officinalis L.</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4454-0773</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хазиева</surname><given-names>Ф. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khazieva</surname><given-names>F. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117216, г. Москва, ул. Грина, 7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>7 Grina St., Moscow 117216</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vilar.6@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0954-9353</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коротких</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korotkikh</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117216, г. Москва, ул. Грина, 7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>7 Grina St., Moscow 117216</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">slavnica241270@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт лекарственных и ароматических растений</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт&#13;
лекарственных и ароматических растений</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>182</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>110</fpage><lpage>122</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Хазиева Ф.М., Коротких И.Н., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хазиева Ф.М., Коротких И.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khazieva F.M., Korotkikh I.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/878">https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/878</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Необходимость непрерывной селекционной работы по созданию новых сортов Calendula officinalis L. вызвана накоплением малоценных генотипов в уже возделываемых сортах вследствие перекрестного характера опыления.</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Семена, отобранные из высокоурожайных биотипов сорта ‘Кальта’,  обрабатывались различными мутагенами в экспозиции 18 часов. Определяли частоту мутаций в первом мутантном поколении (М1), посевные качества семян, оценивали жизнеспособность  растений  в  условиях  полевой  культуры. В фазе «массовое цветение» учитывали изменения по следующим признакам: «высота растения», «число листьев», «число соцветий на растении», «диаметр соцветий», «число рядов язычковых цветков», «масса одного соцветия». Урожайность  сырья (свежую  и воздушно-сухую массу соцветий) рассчитывали по каждому сбору и по сумме семи сборов в период цветения.</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты.  Наиболее  эффективными  мутагенами при создании нового исходного материала для селекции C. officinalis оказались ДЭС0,05%  и ДМС0,08%. Обработка нитрозометилмочевиной (НММ0,02% и НММ0,04% ) привела к нарушению процесса плодообразования. В результате многолетней селекционной работы (2009–2016 гг.) на основе мутантных поколений М2–М3 созданы сорта ‘Золотое  море’  и ‘Райский  сад’,  превосходящие  сорт ‘Кальта’ по урожайности соцветий на 39 и 30%, по урожайности семян на 48 и 49%, по содержанию экстрактивных веществ на 13,8 и 21,3%, по содержанию суммы флавоноидов на 29,9 и 43,3% соответственно.</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение.  Новые  сорта  C. officinalis ‘Золотое  море’ и ‘Райский сад’ созданы в соответствии со схемой мутационной селекции с применением метода химического мутагенеза, корреляционного и вариационного анализов, с проведением расширенного отбора растений, измененных  по  морфологическим  признакам,  продуктивности  и содержанию  биологически  активных  веществ (в первом мутантном поколении)  и оценкой по однородности, отличимости и стабильности во втором и последующих поколениях.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. The need for continuous breeding practice to develop new varieties of Calendula officinalis L. is induced by the accumulation of low-grade morphotypes in the already existing cultivars as a result of crosspollination.</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Seeds selected from high-yielding biotypes of cv. ‘Kalta’ were treated with various mutagens for 18 hours, using 1000 seeds for each option. The mutation rate in the M1 generation and seed quality were determined, and plant viability was assessed under field conditions. Plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, number of inflorescences per plant, inflorescence diameter, number of ray floret rows, and weight of one inflorescence were measured in the mass flowering phase. The yield of raw materials (fresh and air-dry biomass of inflorescences) was calculated for each harvest and for the total amount of all 7 harvests during the flowering period.</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The mutagens DES0,05% and DMS0,08% turned out the most effective for developing new source material. None of the plants produced seeds after treatment with nitrosomethyl urea (NMU0.02% ), and only one plant produced seeds after treatment with NMU0.04% . As a result of a long-term breeding process (2009–2016), new varieties were developed on the basis of mutant generations M2–M3 : cvs. ‘Zolotoe more’ and ‘Rajskij sad’, both exceeding cv. ‘Kalta’ in the yield of inflorescences by 39 and 30%, seed yield by 48 and 49%, total extractives by 13.8 and 21.3%, and total flavonoids by 29.9% and 43.3%, respectively.</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. New cultivars of C. officinalis, ‘Zolotoe more’ and ‘Rajskij sad’, were developed in accordance with the mutation breeding scheme that employed methods of chemical mutagenesis, with expanded selection of plants altered in their morphological characteristics, productivity and content of bioactive compounds in the first mutant generation and assessment of uniformity, distinctness and stability in the second and subsequent generations.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>календула лекарственная</kwd><kwd>селекция</kwd><kwd>химический  мутагенез</kwd><kwd>сорт</kwd><kwd>признаки</kwd><kwd>продуктивность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>common marigold</kwd><kwd>plant  breeding</kwd><kwd>chemical  mutagenesis</kwd><kwd>cultivar</kwd><kwd>traits</kwd><kwd>productivity</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа  выполнена  в  рамках  НИР  ФГБНУ  ВИЛАР № 0576-2019-0007.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out within the framework of VILAR’s  Research Project No. 0576-2019-0007</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Басалаева И.В., Бознякова А.Н., Бурова А.Е., Грязнов М.Ю., Костяновский Р.Г., Коротких И.Н., Крутиус О.Н., Сидельников Н.И., Тоцкая С.А., Широкова А.В., Хазиева Ф.М. 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