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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vir-nw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Труды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2227-8834</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0982</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30901/2227-8834-2021-1-91-98</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vir-nw-875</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА КУЛЬТУРНЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ И ИХ ДИКИХ РОДИЧЕЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GENETICS OF CULTIVATED PLANTS AND THEIR WILD RELATIVES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Технологические свойства зерна и муки у линий мягкой пшеницы (Triticum aestivum  L.) – носителей локусов Ha и Ha-Sp, определяющих структуру эндосперма</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Technological properties of grain and flour in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum  L.) genotypes carrying two loci that determine the endosperm structure</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6708-3822</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Симонов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Simonov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>630090, г. Новосибирск, пр. Академика Лаврентьева, 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>10 Lavrentyeva Ave., Novosibirsk 630090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sialexander@bionet.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5639-916X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пшеничникова</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pshenichnikova</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>630090, г. Новосибирск, пр. Академика Лаврентьева, 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>10 Lavrentyeva Ave., Novosibirsk 630090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">wheatpsh@bionet.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>182</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>91</fpage><lpage>98</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Симонов А.В., Пшеничникова Т.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Симонов А.В., Пшеничникова Т.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Simonov A.V., Pshenichnikova T.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/875">https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/875</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Назначение зерна мягкой пшеницы зависит от свойств эндосперма, определяемых аллелями генов Pina и Pinb в локусе Ha хромосомы 5D. Мучнистый эндосперм обусловлен биосинтезом кодируемых этими генами полноценных белков пуроиндолинов. При размоле такое зерно распадается на мелкие крахмальные гранулы,  покрытые  белками.  Мутации,  нарушающие синтез или структуру пуроиндолинов, обуславливают твердость и стекловидность зерна. Ранее нами был обнаружен новый локус мягкозерности Ha-Sp, интрогрессированный  в хромосому 5А  мягкой  пшеницы  от  диплоидного вида Aegilops speltoides Tausch, который также определяет образование мягкой структуры эндосперма. Объединив два активных локуса в одном генотипе, мы создали супермягкозерную линию (SSL). Целью данной работы было верифицировать взаимодействие двух локусов Ha и Ha-Sp в других генотипах мягкой  пшеницы  и оценить  технологические  свойства зерна и муки по сравнению с имеющейся линией SSL.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В работе использованы яровые гибриды F3–F8  мягкозерных сортов ‘Голубка’ и ‘Лютесценс 62’, носителей локуса Ha, с интрогрессивной озимой  линией 84/98w,  носителем  локуса  Ha-Sp.  Зерно с трех полевых вегетаций изучалось по мукомольным показателям и физическим свойствам муки и теста.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. На ранних этапах отбора(F3:4) отмечены семьи с типичными для мягкой пшеницы мукомольными  параметрами,  а также  супермягкозерные  с малым размером частиц муки (9–10 мкм) и низкой стекловидностью эндосперма (29–49%). Направленный отбор позволил получить линии, сходные с линией SSL по мукомольным показателям и силе муки.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. На генетический основе трех яровых сортов впервые  получен  набор  супермягкозерных  линий  со специальными  свойствами  зерна  и муки.  Они  могут быть востребованы в производстве как в пищевых, так и в технических целях. Полученные линии нуждаются во всесторонней оценке специалистов-технологов пищевого и непищевого производства.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. The end-use of the bread wheat grain depends on the endosperm properties determined by the alleles of the Pina and Pinb genes at the Ha locus on chromosome 5D. The mealy (soft) endosperm is generated by the biosynthesis of puroindolines – complete proteins encoded by these genes. When milled, such grain breaks down into small starch granules covered with proteins. Mutations that disrupt the synthesis or structure of puroindolines determine the hardness and vitreousness of the grain. Earlier, we discovered a new locus for grain softness, Ha-Sp, introgressed from the diploid species Aegilops speltoides Tausch, which also determines the formation of the soft endosperm structure. By combining two active loci in one genotype, we produced a supersoft grain line (SSL). The aim of the present work was to verify the interaction of the two loci Ha and Ha-Sp in other wheat genotypes and evaluate the technological properties of grain and flour in comparison with the existing SSL line.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The F3–F8 hybrids from crosses of the soft-grain spring cultivars ‘Golubka’ and ‘Lutescens 62’, carriers of the Ha locus, with the introgressive line 84/98w, carrier of the Ha-Sp locus, were used in the work. Grain from three field seasons was studied according to milling parameters and physical properties of flour and dough.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. At the early stages of selection (F3:4), the families with milling parameters typical of bread wheat were identified, as well as supersoft-grain families with a small flour particle size (9–10 μm) and low endosperm vitreousness (29–49%). Targeted selection made it possible to obtain lines similar to the SSL line in terms of milling performance and flour strength.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. For the first time, a set of supersoft-grain lines with special properties of grain and flour was obtained on the genetic basis of three spring cultivars. They may be in demand for a wide range of end-uses, including both food and nonfood production purposes.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>интрогрессия генов</kwd><kwd>мягкозерность</kwd><kwd>стекловидность  и мучнистость  эндосперма</kwd><kwd>физические свойства муки и теста</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>introgression of genes</kwd><kwd>grain softness</kwd><kwd>endosperm vitreousness and mealiness</kwd><kwd>physical properties of  flour and dough</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование  было  поддержано  бюджетным  проектом №0324-2019-0040-C-01. Полевой материал для анализа был получен при содействии ЦКП ИЦиГ СО РАН «Селекционно-генетическая лаборатория»</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was supported by Budget Project No. 0324-2019-0040-C-01. 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