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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vir-nw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Труды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2227-8834</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0982</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30901/2227-8834-2020-4-156-163</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vir-nw-819</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СИСТЕМАТИКА, ФИЛОГЕНИЯ И ГЕОГРАФИЯ КУЛЬТУРНЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ И ИХ ДИКИХ РОДИЧЕЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SYSTEMATICS, PHYLOGENY AND GEOGRAPHY OF CULTIVATED PLANTS AND THEIR WILD RELATIVES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гетеромерикарпия Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden. (Umbelliferae = Apiaceae)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Heteromericarpy of Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden. (Umbelliferae = Apiaceae)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ткаченко</surname><given-names>К. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tkachenko</surname><given-names>K. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197376 г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Профессора Попова, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2 Professora Popova Street, St. Petersburg 197376</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ktkachenko@binran.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ботанический институт им. В.Л. Комарова Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Komarov Botanical Institute of the RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>181</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>156</fpage><lpage>163</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ткаченко К.Г., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ткаченко К.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tkachenko K.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/819">https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/819</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden. – известное кормовое растение, которое в настоящее время захватывает все больше территорий не только в странах бывшего СССР, но и Европы. В последние годы включен в списки инвазионных видов. Мерикарпии (плоды, которые условно называют семенами) видов рода Heracleum L. характеризуются недоразвитым зародышем и сложным морфофизиологическим типом покоя.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. В период с 2014 по 2019 г. собирали плоды H. sosnowskyi около населенных пунктов Выборгского и Гатчинского районов Ленинградской области. Определяли размеры семян и массу 1000 шт. Проращивали в условиях лаборатории (22–24о С) в чашках Петри на фильтровальной бумаге в трехкратной повторности.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Крупные семена краевых зонтичков центрального зонтика имеют максимальные размеры. Их длина – от 0,6 до 1,4 см, ширина – от 5 до 11 мм, масса 1000 шт. – от 9 до 18 г. Длина мелких плодов от 7 до 9 мм, ширина их от 3 до 5 мм, масса 1000 шт. – от 10,5 до 11,8 г. Прорастание семян, собранных в конце лета, растянуто. В лабораторных условиях появление первых всходов отмечали через 5–7 дней. При хранении плодов в лаборатории их всхожесть снижается. Стратифицированные семена имели всхожесть от 55 до 99%.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. На биометрические параметры мерикарпиев H. sosnowskyi незначительное влияние оказывают место произрастания и год созревания. В лабораторных условиях семена H. sosnowskyi, собранные в августе, прорастают от 3 до 15%. В годы с теплой и продолжительной осенью часть плодов прорастает в год созревания и успевает достичь ювенильного состояния. Мерикарпии, которые не осыпались осенью, не были сбиты дождями и снегом, распространяются в зимнее морозное время ветром по снежному насту. Молодые розетки и/ или отдельно стоящие генеративные особи H. sosnowskyi были зафиксированы на удалении 150–300 метров по розе ветров от зарослей борщевика вдоль дорог, в том числе и на новых вырубках. Выполненные мерикарпии сохраняют жизнеспособность не менее трех лет. При хранении плодов борщевика в лабораторных условиях они теряют всхожесть в течение года. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden. (family Umbelliferae = Apiaceae) is included in the lists of invasive species in many regions of Russia and European countries. Mericarps (fruits conventionally called seeds) of Heracleum L. spp. are characterized by an underdeveloped embryo and a complex morphophysiological type of dormancy; two-stage stratification is needed for their germination.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. In the period from 2014 to 2019, fruits of H. sosnowskyi were collected near settlements in Vyborg and Gatchina Districts, Leningrad Province; collecting was carried out from August through March. Seed size and 1000 seed weight were measured. Germination experiments were performed in the laboratory (22–24°C) monthly, from the time of collection in August until May. Seeds were germinated in Petri dishes on filter paper with three replications.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Large seeds on marginal umbellules of the central umbel were the largest in size. Their length was from 0.6 to 1.4 cm, width from 5 to 11 mm, and 1000 seed weight from 9 to 18 g. The length of smaller fruits was from 7 to 9 mm, width from 3 to 5 mm, and 1000 seed weight from 10.5 to 11.8 g. Germination of seeds collected in late summer was protracted. Under laboratory conditions, the emergence of the first seedlings was observed after 5–7 days. For the fruits stored in the laboratory, germination was reduced. Germination rate of stratified seeds varied from 55 to 99%.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The biometric parameters of H. sosnowskyi mericarps were slightly affected by the place of growth and the year of maturation. Under laboratory conditions, H. sosnowskyi seeds collected in August showed germination rates from 3 to 15%. In years with a warm and long autumn, part of the fruit germinated in the year of maturation and managed to reach their juvenile state. Plump mericarps remained viable for at least three years. Sosnowsky’s hogweed fruits stored under laboratory conditions lost their germination ability within a year.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>разнокачественность плодов</kwd><kwd>латентный период</kwd><kwd>всхожесть</kwd><kwd>распространение семян</kwd><kwd>борщевик сосновского</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>different quality of fruits</kwd><kwd>latent period</kwd><kwd>germination</kwd><kwd>seed expansion</kwd><kwd>Sosnowsky’s hogweed</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания по плановой теме «Коллекции живых растений Ботанического института им. В.Л. Комарова (история, современное состояние, перспективы использования)», номер АААА-А18-118032890141-4.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was performed in the framework of the State Task according to the planned theme “Collections of Live Plants at the Komarov Botanical Institute (History, Modern State, and Prospects of Utilization),” No. АААА-А18-118032890141-4.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Afonin A.N., Luneva N.N., Li Yu.S., Kotsareva N.V. Ecologicalgeographical analysis of distribution pattern and occurrence of cow-parsnip (Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden) with respect to area aridity and its mapping in European Russia Russian Journal of Ecology. 2017;48(1):86-89. DOI: 10.7868/S0367059717010036</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Afonin A.N., Luneva N.N., Li Yu.S., Kotsareva N.V. 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