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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vir-nw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Труды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2227-8834</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0982</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30901/2227-8834-2020-4-127-135</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vir-nw-816</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИДЕНТИФИКАЦИЯ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКОГО РАЗНООБРАЗИЯ КУЛЬТУРНЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ И ИХ ДИКИХ РОДИЧЕЙ ДЛЯ РЕШЕНИЯ ФУНДАМЕНТАЛЬНЫХ И ПРИКЛАДНЫХ ПРОБЛЕМ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>IDENTIFICATION OF THE DIVERSITY OF CULTIVATED PLANTS AND THEIR WILD RELATIVES FOR SOLVING FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED PROBLEMS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Электрофоретические спектры глиадина как маркеры генотипов в анализе староместного сорта твердой пшеницы Кубанка</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Electrophoretic patterns of gliadin as markers of genotypes in the analysis of the durum wheat landrace Kubanka</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пенева</surname><given-names>Т. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Peneva</surname><given-names>T. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>190000 г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Б. Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ляпунова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyapunova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>190000 г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Б. Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lyapuolga@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. Вавилова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>181</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>127</fpage><lpage>135</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пенева Т.И., Ляпунова О.А., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пенева Т.И., Ляпунова О.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Peneva T.I., Lyapunova O.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/816">https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/816</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Коллекция отечественных староместных сортов твердой пшеницы (Triticum durum Desf.) ВИР содержит уникальный материал, относящийся к «русской северной ветви», который не встречается ни в одной другой коллекции мира. Изучение генетического разнообразия этих пшениц по спектрам глиадина как маркерам генотипов важно для идентификации и сохранения подлинности их генофонда.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Впервые с использованием молекулярных маркеров проведена дифференциация по молекулярным маркерам 38 образцов местного сорта твердой пшеницы с общим название «Кубанка», собранных в коллекцию ВИР в 10–40 годах XX века и пяти образцов из генетических банков семян США и Канады. В качестве маркеров генотипов полиморфного (или гетерогенного) сорта использовали электрофоретические спектры глиадина. Регистрация спектров в виде «белковыхформул» позволяет оценивать полиморфизм каждого образца и разнообразие образцов в пределах коллекции. Анализ глиадина проводили на единичных зерновках по стандартной методике, принятой в ВИР и утвержденной Международной ассоциацией по семенному контролю (ISTA).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и выводы</title><p>Результаты и выводы. Выявлено 14 биотипов, маркированных спектрами глиадина. В зависимости от компонентного состава α-зоны, кодируемой аллелями локуса GLI-2A, биотипы объеденены в 4 группы. В пределах групп биотипы определяются аллелями локусов GLI-1A, GLI-1B, GLI-2B. Выделены генетически близкие монотипные образцы и политипные, включающие от 2 до 6 биотипов. Так, I группа характерна для Европейской части России, особенно Поволжья, а также для Казахстана и Киргизии. Образцы этой группы можно отнести к волжскому степному экотипу. Биотипы II группы распространены в Алтайском крае, Оренбургской и Астраханской областях России; III – в предгорьях Кавказа в Ставропольском крае России и в предгорьях Тянь-Шаня в Киргизии; IV – только в Алтайском крае. Наибольшим генетическим разнообразием обладают образцы сорта ‘Кубанка’ из Алтайского и Краснодарского края и один образец из Киргизии. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. The collection of durum wheat landraces (Triticum durum Desf.) at VIR contains unique material of the “Russian northern branch”, which is not found in any other collections worldwide. Studying the genetic diversity of such wheat accessions according to their gliadin bands as markers of genotypes is important for identification and conservation of their gene pool authenticity.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. For the first time, molecular markers were used to differentiate among 38 accessions of the local durum wheat variety known under the name of “Kubanka”, collected and placed into the VIR collection in the 1910–1940s, and five accessions from the seed genebanks of the USA and Canada. Electrophoretic patterns of gliadin were used as markers of genotypes within the polymorphic cultivar. Recording bands in the form of “protein formulas” allows the researcher to evaluate the polymorphism of each accession and the diversity within the collection. Gliadin analysis was performed on single grains according to the standard method adopted at VIR and approved by ISTA.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and conclusions</title><p>Results and conclusions. Fourteen major biotypes marked with gliadin bands were identified. Depending on the component composition of the α-zone encoded by alleles of the GLI-2A locus, biotypes were combined into 4 groups. Within the groups, biotypes are determined by alleles of the GLI-1A, GLI-1B, GLI2B loci. Genetically close monotypic accessions and polytypic ones incorporating 2 to 6 biotypes were identified. Group I is typical for the European part of Russia as well as for Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. Accessions of this group can be attributed to the Volga steppe ecotype. Group II biotypes are widespread in Altai Territory, Orenburg and Astrakhan Provinces of Russia; Group III in Stavropol Territory, Russia, and Kyrgyzstan; Group IV only in Altai Territory. The greatest genetic diversity was exhibited by the ‘Kubanka’ accessions from Altai and Krasnodar Territories, and Kyrgyzstan. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>молекулярные маркеры</kwd><kwd>регистрация</kwd><kwd>биотипный состав</kwd><kwd>генетическое разнообразие</kwd><kwd>географическое распространение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>molecular markers</kwd><kwd>recording</kwd><kwd>biotypic composition</kwd><kwd>genetic diversity</kwd><kwd>geographic distribution</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания согласно тематическому плану ВИР по проекту № 0662-2019-0006 «Поиск, поддержание жизнеспособности и раскрытие потенциала наследственной изменчивости мировой коллекции зерновых и крупяных культур ВИР для развития оптимизированного генбанка и рационального использования в селекции и растениеводстве». Авторы благодарят рецензентов за их вклад в экспертную оценку этой работы, а также ведущих специалистов отдела биохимии и молекулярной биологии ВИР Н. М. Мартыненко и В. В. Васипову за помощь в выполнении анализов и оформлении иллюстраций.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was performed within the framework of the State Task according to the theme plan of VIR, Project No. 0662-2019-0006 “Search for and viability maintenance, and disclosing the potential of hereditary variation in the global collection of cereal and groat crops at VIR for the development of an optimized genebank and its sustainable utilization in plant breeding and crop production”. The auth ors are grateful to the reviewers for their contribution o to the peer review of this work as well as to N. M. Martynenko and V. V. 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