vir-nwТруды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекцииProceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding2227-88342619-0982N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources10.30901/2227-8834-2020-1-84-92vir-nw-551Research ArticleГЕНЕТИКА КУЛЬТУРНЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ И ИХ ДИКИХ РОДИЧЕЙGENETICS OF CULTIVATED PLANTS AND THEIR WILD RELATIVESВведение в культуру дикорастущего тетраплоидного вида овса Avena magna Murphy et Terrell, эндемика МароккоDomestication of Avena magna Murphy et Terrell: a wild tetraploid oat species endemic of Moroccohttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2665-3574СаидиН.SaidiN.

п/я 6570, Институты Рабата, 10101 Рабат

P.O. Box 6570, Rabat Institutes, 10101 Rabat

nezsaidi@yahoo.frhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6133-6312ШаимиН.ShaimiN.

п/я 6570, Институты Рабата, 10101 Рабат

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4590-8461ИдриссиА. С.IdrissiA. S.

п/я 6570, Институты Рабата, 10101 Рабат

СуихкаА.SouihkaA.

ул. Мохамеда Беларби Алауи, п/я 6356, Институты Рабата, 10101 Рабат

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2018-8031ГабунФ.GabounF.

ул. Мохамеда Беларби Алауи, п/я 6356, Институты Рабата, 10101 Рабат

 

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1857-737XАль ФаизС.Al FaizC.

п/я 6570, Институты Рабата, 10101 Рабат

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5454-4095ЛадизинскийГ.LadizinskyG.

г. Вашингтон 20523

Washington, DC 20523

Национальный институт сельскохозяйственных исследований, Научный департамент селекции растений, сохранения и оценки генетических ресурсов растений, RCAR-РабатМароккоINRA, RU Plant breeding, Conservation and Valorisation of Plant Genetic Resources, RCAR-RabatMoroccoНациональный институт сельскохозяйственных исследований, RCAR-Рабат, Опытное имение КудьяМароккоINRA, RCAR-Rabat, Experimental domaine of KoudiaMoroccoНациональный институт сельскохозяйственных исследований, Научный департамент биотехнологии и биоинформатикиМароккоINRA, RU of Biotechnology and BioinformaticsMoroccoАМР США, проект № TAMOU 97-053Соединённые Штаты АмерикиUSAID, Project No. TAMOU 97-053United States20201204202018118492Copyright © Саиди Н., Шаими Н., Идрисси А.С., Суихка А., Габун Ф., Аль Фаиз С., Ладизинский Г., 20202020Саиди Н., Шаими Н., Идрисси А.С., Суихка А., Габун Ф., Аль Фаиз С., Ладизинский Г.Saidi N., Shaimi N., Idrissi A.S., Souihka A., Gaboun F., Al Faiz C., Ladizinsky G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/551

Тетраплоидный дикий вид овса Avena magna Murphy et Terrell (2n = 4x = 28), эндемик Марокко, имеет высокое содержание белка в зерне (более 20%), высокую устойчивость к болезням и хорошую адаптивность к почвенно-климатическим условиям Средиземноморья. Морфологически этот вид сходен с гексаплоидным культурным видом овса A. sativa L., который и был использован в межвидовых скрещиваниях для одомашнивания дикого вида. Для внесения в дикий вид признаков культурного овса провели четыре цикла скрещиваний с участием четырех образцов A. magna и пяти марокканских гексаплоидных сортов A. sativa. Для отбора гибридных растений с числом хромосом 2n = 28 использовали морфологические характеристики и цито генетический анализ.

По всем комбинациям получено 81 гибридное растение, с числом хромосом (2n) от 28 до 29. Только 58% гибридных растений имели 28 хромосом и фертильность пыльцы более 85%. Отобранные гибридные растения подвергались дальнейшему отбору в поле по агробиологическим показателям до поколения F8. В результате изучения по признаку устойчивости к болезням отобраны три одомашненные линии тетраплоидного овса A. magna. Анализ содержания белка в зерне с использованием метода Кьельдаля у отобранных гибридных линий показал, что он на 2–3% выше, чем у родительских форм.

Avena magna Murphy et Terrell (2n = 4x = 28), a tetraploid oat species endemic of Morocco, has a high groat protein content (more than 20%), good resistance to diseases and good adaptability to the Mediterranean edaphic and climate conditions. Moreover, this taxon is morphologically similar to the hexaploid oat species A. sativa and promising for interspecific crosses with A. sativa in order to transfer the domestication syndrome into it. Four hybridization cycles employing four accessions of A. magna and five Moroccan hexaploid oat cultivars of A. sativa were accomplished to domesticate A. magna. Morphological characterization and cytogenetic analysis of derivative hybrid seeds were made to determine their ploidy level and select the seeds with 2n = 28. The overall combinations yielded 81 hybrid plants with 2n varying from 28 to 29, with 58% having 2n = 28, and pollen fertility over 85%. However, 27 hybrids yielded a seed set ranging from 20 to 80%. Selected hybrid plants were subjected to pedigree selection in the field until they reached the 8th generation and assessed for agronomic performance. Three domesticated lines of tetraploid oat A. magna were selected for their good disease resistance. Analysis of groat protein content in the selected hybrids using the Kjeldahl method showed that it was 2 to 3% higher than in their parents.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.