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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vir-nw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Труды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2227-8834</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0982</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30901/2227-8834-2019-4-177-185</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vir-nw-473</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SURVEYS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Аллельное разнообразие генов, контролирующих реакцию на яровизацию и чувствительность к фотопериоду среди сортов яровой мягкой пшеницы различного географического происхождения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Allelic diversity of genes controlling responses to vernalization and photoperiod among spring bread wheat varieties of diverse geographic origin</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калыбекова</surname><given-names>Ж. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalybekova</surname><given-names>Zh. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>030000 г. Актобе, ул. Братьев Жубановых, 302А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>302A Zhubanov Brothers St., Aktobe 030000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zhanarkalybekova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Баишев Университет</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Baishev University</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>180</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>177</fpage><lpage>185</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Калыбекова Ж.Т., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Калыбекова Ж.Т.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kalybekova Z.T.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/473">https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/473</self-uri><abstract><p>Яровая мягкая пшеница – важнейшая зерновая культура, возделываемая в различных климатических условиях и широтах. Современные молекулярно-генетические исследования пшеницы направлены на изучение генетического потенциала данной культуры. В настоящее время разработаны молекулярные маркеры для определения аллелей генов Vrn (vernalization response) и Ppd (photoperiod response). Гены Vrn ответственны за регуляцию скорости развития и структуру урожая. Гены Ppd определяют реакцию растений на длину дня, то есть на сроки зацветания и начала колошения растений в разных условиях возделывания. Использование диагностических ДНК-маркеров позволило проанализировать присутствие аллельных комбинаций генов Vrn и Ppd в местных и коммерческих сортах пшеницы стран Европы, Азии, Северной и Южной Америки, Африки и Австралии. Настоящий обзор обобщает результаты исследований о распределении аллелей генов Vrn и Ppd в селекционном материале пшеницы в различных географических районах ее возделывания. Например, доминантный аллель Vrn-A1a обнаружен у 62% европейских сортов; 52% изученных сортов турецкой пшеницы несли доминантные аллели Vrn-B1. Доминантный Vrn-D1 обнаружен у 61% изученных пакистанских образцов. Vrn-D1 присутствует у 41,9% изученных сортов китайской пшеницы. Более высокая частота встречаемости Ppd-D1а характерна для сортов Западной Европы. Аллель Ppd-D1a был обнаружен в 58,6% сортов в коллекции пшеницы Турции, причем в коммерческих сортах частота этого аллеля составила 60%. 97% местных афганских сортов являются фотопериодически чувствительными (носителями Ppd-D1b) и распределены по всей территории страны без особой зависимости от агроэкологических зон. Все пакистанские сорта являются фотопериодически нечувствительными (носителями Ppd-D1a). В Китае наибольшая частота встречаемости аллеля Ppd-D1a отмечена в зоне VII агроэкологической (87,5% сортов).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Spring bread wheat is the most important cereal crop, cultivated under various climatic conditions and on different latitudes. Modern molecular genetic studies of wheat are aimed at investigating the crop’s genetic potential. By now, molecular markers have been developed to identify alleles of the Vrn (vernalization response) and Ppd (photoperiod response) genes. Vrn genes are responsible for crop development rate regulation and crop yield structure. Ppd genes determine the response of plants to the length of the day, that is, the timing of flowering and the beginning of heading in plants under different cultivation conditions. The use of diagnostic DNA markers made it possible to analyze the presence of allelic combinations of the Vrn and Ppd genes in local and commercial wheat varieties from Europe, Asia, North and South Americas, Africa and Australia. This review summarizes the results of studies on the distribution of alleles of Vrn and Ppd genes in wheat breeding material over different geographical areas of its cultivation. For example, the dominant Vrn-A1a allele was found in 62% of European varieties; 52% of the studied Turkish wheat varieties carried dominant Vrn-B1 alleles. A dominant Vrn-D1 was found in 61% of Pakistani wheat accessions. Vrn-D1 is present in 41.9% of the studied varieties of Chinese wheat. Higher incidence of Ppd-D1A is typical for West European varieties. A Ppd-D1a allele was found in 58.6% of varieties preserved in the Turkish wheat collection, with a 60% frequency of this allele in commercial cultivars. Among local Afghan varieties, 97% are sensitive to photoperiod (carriers of Ppd-D1b); they are distributed throughout the country without much dependence on agroecological zones. All Pakistani varieties are insensitive to photoperiod (carriers of Ppd-D1a). In China, the highest incidence of the Ppd-D1a allele was observed in zone VII (87.5% of varieties).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гены Vrn и Ppd</kwd><kwd>вегетационный период</kwd><kwd>районы возделывания сортов</kwd><kwd>аллель-специфичные праймеры</kwd><kwd>местный сорт</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Vrn and Ppd genes</kwd><kwd>growing season</kwd><kwd>cultivation areas</kwd><kwd>allele-specific primers</kwd><kwd>local variety</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Andeden E.E., Yediay F.E., Baloch F.S., Shaaf S., Kilian B., Nachit M., Oǆzkan H. 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