vir-nwТруды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекцииProceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding2227-88342619-0982N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources10.30901/2227-8834-2019-4-159-169vir-nw-471Research ArticleИММУНИТЕТ КУЛЬТУРНЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ И ИХ ДИКИХ РОДИЧЕЙIMMUNITY OF CULTIVATED PLANTS AND THEIR WILD RELATIVESУстойчивость диких видов картофеля к фитофторозу в полевых условиях Северо-Запада РФLate blight resistance of wild potato species under field conditions in the Northwest of RussiaЗотееваН. М.ZoteyevaN. M.

190000 г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Б. Морская, 42, 44

42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000

zoteyeva@rambler.ruФедеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. ВавиловаРоссияN.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic ResourcesRussian Federation2019080120201804159169Copyright © Зотеева Н.М., 20202020Зотеева Н.М.Zoteyeva N.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/471Актуальность

Актуальность. Несмотря на усилия селекционеров, поражение растений картофеля фитофторозом остается важной причиной потери урожая. Интрогрессия генов устойчивости к болезни от диких видов Solanum L. является основным методом придания устойчивости к патогену сортам картофеля. Для большей эффективности селекционной работы необходимо выявление источников устойчивости среди широкого ряда видов в условиях жесткого естественного инфекционного фона.

Материал и методы

Материал и методы. Материалом для исследования служил 1141 образец 99 диких видов картофеля, принадлежащих к 15 таксономическим сериям в системе Дж. Хокса (J. Hawkes). Каждый образец оценивали в течение 3–5 лет. Поражение растений отмечали еженедельно с момента появления первых симптомов болезни с использованием 9-балловой шкале, где балл 9 означает отсутствие симптомов поражения, балл 1 – растение полностью поражено. Устойчивыми считали растения, оцениваемые баллами от 6 до 9.

Результаты и выводы

Результаты и выводы. В результате полевых обследований выявлены виды, среди которых возможен поиск источников стабильно высокой устойчивости к фитофторозу. Наиболее высокий процент устойчивых образцов найден среди видов с ареалами в Мексике: в составе большинства из них отмечено преобладание высоко устойчивых образцов. У небольшой части центрально-американских видов и значительной части видов с ареалами в Южной Америке наблюдали высокую вариабельность уровня устойчивости ботвы к фитофторозу.

Background

Background. Despite the great efforts made by breeders, late blight remains a paramount cause of significant potato harvest losses. Introgression of various resistance genes from wild Solanum L. species is the main method to increase the resistance in potato cultivars. Field resistance is considered to be more durable than those induced by the action of single R genes. To this end, resistance sources should be selected from а wide range of species under severe natural infection.

Material and methods

Material and methods. As the material for evaluation, 1141 accessions of 99 wild potato species belonging to 15 taxonomic series according to the system of J. Hawkes were used. Each accession was assessed for 3–5 years. A 1–9 point scale was employed to score the damage of plants every week starting from the first symptoms of the disease, where 9 meant the absence of any symptoms, and 1 the entirely damaged plant. The plants scoring 6 to 9 points were considered resistant.

Results and conclusions

Results and conclusions. As a result of the long-term field observations, wild potato species, represented in the current evaluation by numerous accessions, were characterized for foliar resistance to late blight; individual introductions resistant to late blight were also identified. Some of those studied in the 1980s showed high resistance in the end of the 1990s through the 2000s. The highest percentage of resistant accessions/species was identified among the species with areas of distribution in Mexico. A group of Central American species and large part of species with areas of distribution in South America expressed high level of interspecific polymorphism in foliar resistance to late blight.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.