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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vir-nw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Труды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2227-8834</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0982</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30901/2227-8834-2019-1-105-112</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vir-nw-372</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СИСТЕМАТИКА, ФИЛОГЕНИЯ И ГЕОГРАФИЯ КУЛЬТУРНЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ И ИХ ДИКИХ РОДИЧЕЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SYSTEMATICS, PHYLOGENY AND GEOGRAPHY OF CULTIVATED PLANTS AND THEIR WILD RELATIVES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Морфофункциональная характеристика листьев и плодов Maloideae (Rosaceae): а. Микроструктура поверхностных тканей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Morphofunctional characteristics of leaves and fruits in Maloideae (Rosaceae): a. Microstructure of surface tissues</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кумахова</surname><given-names>Т. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kumachova</surname><given-names>T. Kh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>127550 Россия, г. Москва, ул. Тимирязевская, 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>49 Timiryazevskaya St., Moscow 127550, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tkumachova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воронков</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Voronkov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>127276 Россия, г. Москва, ул. Ботаническая, 35</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>35 Botanicheskaya St., Moscow 127276, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">voronkov_as@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бабоша</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Babosha</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>127276 Россия, г. Москва, ул. Ботаническая, 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>4 Botanicheskaya St., Moscow 127276, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">phimmunitet@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рябченко</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryabchenko</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>127276 Россия, г. Москва, ул. Ботаническая, 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>4 Botanicheskaya St., Moscow 127276, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">phimmunitet@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский государственный аграрный университет – МСХА имени К. А. Тимирязева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian State Agrarian University – Timiryazev Moscow Agricultural Academy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт физиологии растений имени К. А. Тимирязева РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Главный ботанический сад имени Н. В. Цицина РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N. V. Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>06</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>180</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>105</fpage><lpage>112</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кумахова Т.Х., Воронков А.С., Бабоша А.В., Рябченко А.С., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кумахова Т.Х., Воронков А.С., Бабоша А.В., Рябченко А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kumachova T.K., Voronkov A.S., Babosha A.V., Ryabchenko A.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/372">https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/372</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Эпидерма – система разнообразных по структуре и функциям клеток (основные, устьичные, трихомы), составляющих первичную покровную ткань. Особенности тонкого строения эпидермы представителей п/сем. Maloideae Werber (Rosaceae Juss.) важны для понимания освоения ими разнообразных мест обитания, в частности горных биоагроценозов с довольно суровыми, зачастую стрессовыми условиями.</p></sec><sec><title>Объект</title><p>Объект. Модельными объектами для исследования были представители четырех родов п/сем. Maloideae – Malus domestica Borkh., Pyrus communis L., Cydonia oblonga Mill., Mespilus germanica L.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Зрелые листья и плоды отбирали из средней части кроны трех модельных деревьев каждого растения. Образцы изучали методом сканирующей электронной микроскопии (СЭМ) с замораживающей приставкой.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установлено, что листья Maloideae гипостоматные, при этом абаксиальная (нижняя) эпидерма полифункциональная. К поверхностным структурам можно отнести образования кутикулярной природы: перистоматические кольца и валики, а также радиально простирающиеся складки, образующие специфический микрорельеф. Адаксиальная (верхняя) и абаксиальная поверхности различаются не только особенностями строения, но и спецификой организации микрорельефа. Видоспецифические признаки выявлены и в строении поверхностных тканей плодов изученных представителей. В отличие от плодов других исследованных представителей, у M. germanica нет сплошного кутикулярного покрова и восковых отложений; бóльшая часть поверхности зрелого плода покрыта перидермой с отшелушивающимся пробковым слоем. При исследовании поверхности плодов C. oblonga обнаружены аналогичные листовым многочисленные крупные устьица с перистоматическими кольцами и валиками кутикулярной природы.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Поверхностные структуры листьев и плодов Maloideae включают образования кутикулярной природы, имеющие разную специфику формирования микрорельефа, обусловленную функциональной нагрузкой эпидермальной ткани и условиями внешней среды. Они также могут участвовать в формировании устойчивости к биотическим стрессорам. Полученные данные об особенностях тонкого строения поверхностных тканей представляют интерес для прикладных и теоретических исследований, прежде всего экологических и ботанических, касающихся таксономических вопросов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. The formation of cover tissues (epidermis, cork), providing a connection with the environment, in the evolution of flowering plants was one of the main consequences of the transition to life on earth. The epidermis, which emerged as a device for protecting deeper underlying tissues from drying, subsequently acquired additional functions (participation in gas exchange and transpiration, absorption and isolation of certain substances as well as protection from the penetration of pathogens) and became a multifunctional tissue consisting of several types of cells (basic, stomatal, and trichomes). Features of the fine structure of the epidermis are of interest in representatives of the subfamily Maloideae Werber (Rosaceae Juss.), which grow, inter alia in mountain agrobiocenoses with their rather harsh conditions. They extended their area of distribution to various habitats due to the development of structural adaptations that play an important role in the formation of resistance to stressors of different etiologies.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. Representatives of 4 genera were chosen as model objects from subfam. Maloideae for the study: Malus domestica Borkh., Pyrus communis L., Cydonia oblonga Mill., and Mespilus germanica L.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Mature leaves and fruits were selected from the middle part of the crown of three model trees of each species. The samples were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), with a freezing attachment.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Leaves of Maloideae were found to be hypostomatic, while the abaxial (lower) epidermis is multifunctional: it performs a barrier function together with the cuticle. Formation of the cuticular nature can be attributed to the surface structures: peristomatic rings and ridges as well as radially extending folds, all forming a specific microrelief. The adaxial (upper) and abaxial surfaces clearly differ not only in the features of the structure, but also in the specificity of the microrelief’s arrangement. Species-specific traits were also found in the structure of the surface tissue of the pericarp. M. germanica, unlike the other species, does not have a continuous cuticular cover and wax deposits: most of a mature fruit’s surface is covered with a peeling cork layer. In the study of the surface of C. oblonga fruits, numerous rather large stomata with peristomatic rings and cuticular cushions were found similar to those in leaves.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Surface structures of leaves and fruits in subfam. Maloideae include formations of cuticular nature, with different specificities of microrelief shaping due to the functional load of the epidermal tissue and environmental conditions. They can also be involved in building resistance to biotic stressors. The obtained data on the features of the fine structure of surface tissues are of interest for applied and theoretical studies, especially environmental and botanical, relating to taxonomic issues.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>айва</kwd><kwd>груша</kwd><kwd>мушмула</kwd><kwd>яблоня</kwd><kwd>эпидерма</kwd><kwd>гиподерма</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>quince</kwd><kwd>pear</kwd><kwd>medlar</kwd><kwd>apple-tree</kwd><kwd>epidermis</kwd><kwd>hypoderm</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ации Дж. Сельскохозяйственная экология. М. : ИЛ. 1959. 459 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Atsii Dzh. (1959) Agricultural ecology (Selskokhozyaystvennaya ekologiya). Moscow: IL, 459 p. 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