vir-nwТруды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекцииProceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding2227-88342619-0982N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources10.30901/2227-8834-2018-4-141-148vir-nw-325Research ArticleИММУНИТЕТ КУЛЬТУРНЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ И ИХ ДИКИХ РОДИЧЕЙIMMUNITY OF CULTIVATED PLANTS AND THEIR WILD RELATIVESЧувствительность сортов и селекционных клонов картофеля к Rizoctonia solani и Streptomyces scabiesAssessment of potato cultivars and breeding clones for susceptibility to Rizoctonia solani and Streptomyces scabiesЗотееваН. М.ZoteyevaN. M.zoteyeva@rambler.ruКосареваО. С.KosarevaO. S.o.kosareva@vir.nw.ruЕвдокимоваЗ. З.EvdokimovaZ. Z.Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. ВавиловаРоссияN. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic ResourcesRussian FederationФедеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. ВавиловаРоссияN. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources; Leningrad Research Institute of Agriculture “Belogorka”Russian FederationЛенинградский научно-исследовательский институт сельского хозяйства "Белогорка"РоссияN. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic ResourcesRussian Federation2018100220191794141148Copyright © Зотеева Н.М., Косарева О.С., Евдокимова З.З., 20192019Зотеева Н.М., Косарева О.С., Евдокимова З.З.Zoteyeva N.M., Kosareva O.S., Evdokimova Z.Z.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/325Актуальность

Актуальность. Ризоктониоз – одна из болезней, наносящих большой ущерб урожаю, он распространен почти во всех районах возделывания картофеля. В 50-х годах прошлого столетия патоген не рассматривался в ряду значимых для культуры. В настоящее время многие сорта чувствительны к этой болезни. Обыкновенную паршу картофеля вызывает актиномицет Streptomyces scabies (Thaxter) Waksman et Henrici. Патоген не наносит столь же ощутимого урона урожаю, как ризоктониоз, однако сильно снижает товарное качество клубней. Современный рынок предъявляет высокие требования к товарному качеству клубней в связи с появлением в супермаркетах новых видов продуктов, таких как вымытые и упакованные клубни, продаваемые в сыром виде. В отдельные годы перерабатывающая промышленность несет убытки из-за поражения паршами клубней промышленно выращиваемого картофеля, а производители несут затраты, связанные с применением химических препаратов. В связи с этим выявление сортов со слабой чувствительностью к этим болезням весьма актуально. Материал и методы. По восприимчивости к ризоктониозу изучили 219 сортов отечественной и зарубежной селекции из коллекции картофеля Федерального исследовательского центра Всероссийского института генетических ресурсов растений имени Н. И. Вавилова (ВИР) и 17 клонов селекции Ленинградского НИИСХ «Белогорка» (ЛенНИИСХ), а также 217 ранних сортов из коллекции ВИР по чувствительности к парше обыкновенной. Полевые наблюдения проводили в период уборки клубней на экспериментальном поле научно-производственной базы «Пушкинские и Павловские лаборатории ВИР» по шкале от 0 = (отсутствие симптомов болезни) до 4 = (поражение 90–100% поверхности клубня). Результаты и выводы. Полученные данные показали, что значительная доля сортов, полученных из стран с развитой селекцией картофеля (Германия, Нидерланды, Польша и др.), чувствительны к патогенам. Степень поражения клубней ризоктониозом и паршой обыкновенной сильно зависела от условий сезона. В результате изучения выделены сорта и селекционные клоны с отсутствием либо со слабым проявлением симптомов болезней, которые могут быть использованы в селекционных программах.

 

 

Background. Black scurf (agent Rizoctonia solani J.G. Kuhn) is common in almost all areas of potato cultivation and causes crop yield damage. At present, many cultivars are susceptible to this disease. Common scab is caused by Streptomyces scabies (Thaxter) Waksman et Henrici. This pathogen does not reduce harvest with the same force as black scurf, but produces a considerable negative effect on the commercial quality of tubers. The modern market has a high demand for high commercial tuber quality due to the appearance of new types of potato-based products, including washed and packaged potatoes sold raw. In some years, processing industry suffers losses due to the destruction of industrially grown potatoes by scabs, while producers are forced to pay extra for chemicals, so a search for cultivars with low susceptibility to these diseases is very important. Material and Methods. Susceptibility to black scurf was studied in 219 cultivars of domestic and foreign origin from the VIR potato collection and 17 breeding clones from the collection maintained at the Research Institute of Agriculture “Belogorka”; besides, 217 early cultivars from the VIR collection were analyzed for susceptibility to common scab. Field observations were made during harvesting in VIR’s experimental field (Pushkin). Susceptibility to both pathogens was assessed using a 4-grade scale, where grade 0 means no symptoms and grade 4 denominates 90–100% damage of the tuber surface. Results and conclusions. According to the data obtained, susceptibility to both pathogens was variably present in a number of cultivars introduced from countries with advanced potato breeding, such as Germany, the Netherlands, Poland, etc. As a result of the study, cultivars and breeding clones without disease symptoms or their weak manifestation were identified. Severity of the symptoms of both pathogens depended much on a season. Plant material with low susceptibility to the diseases can be of interest for potato breeders.

картофельсортаселекционные клоныустойчивостьризоктониозпарша обыкновеннаяpotatocultivarsbreeding clonesresistanceStreptomyces scabiesRizoctonia solaniРабота выполнена в рамках государственного задания согласно тематическому плану ВИР по теме № 0662-2018-0019 «Скрининг генофонда основных сельскохозяйственных культур по устойчивости к болезням и вредителям с использованием современных лабораторных методов, изучение эффективности источников устойчивости к вредным организмам», номер государственной регистрации ЕГИСУ НИОКР АААА-А16-116040710361-8. Работа выполнена в рамках Гос. задания ЛенНИИСХ по теме № 0672-2018-0002 номер государственной регистрации ЕГИСУ НИОКР АААА-А-18-118012900112-2ReferencesAhrenniemi P. M., Lehtonen M. J., Wilson P. S., Valkonen J. P. T. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.