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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vir-nw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Труды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2227-8834</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0982</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30901/2227-8834-2026-2-o20</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vir-nw-2554</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА КУЛЬТУРНЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ И ИХ ДИКИХ РОДИЧЕЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GENETICS OF CULTIVATED PLANTS AND THEIR WILD RELATIVES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Генетическая защита образцов ячменя из Афганистана от обыкновенной злаковой тли</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genetic protection of Afghan barley accessions from greenbug</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3019-0306</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Радченко</surname><given-names>Е. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Radchenko</surname><given-names>E. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евгений Евгеньевич Радченко, доктор биологических наук, главный научный сотрудник, ВИР</p><p>190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Б. Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny E. Radchenko, Dr. Sci. (Biology), Chief Researcher, VIR</p><p>42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eugene_radchenko@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3990-6526</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковалева</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovaleva</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Николаевна Ковалева, кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, ВИР</p><p>190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Б. Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga N. Kovaleva, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Leading Researcher, VIR</p><p>42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">o.kovaleva@vir.nw.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1021-7951</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абдуллаев</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abdullaev</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ренат Абдуллаевич Абдуллаев, кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, ВИР</p><p>190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Б. Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Renat A. Abdullaev, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Leading Researcher, VIR</p><p>42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">abdullaev.1988@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. Вавилова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>187</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>128</fpage><lpage>136</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Радченко Е.Е., Ковалева О.Н., Абдуллаев Р.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Радченко Е.Е., Ковалева О.Н., Абдуллаев Р.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Radchenko E.E., Kovaleva O.N., Abdullaev R.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/2554">https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/2554</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Возделывание генетически защищенных сортов ячменя рассматривается как наиболее экономичный способ борьбы с обыкновенной злаковой тлей Sсhizaphis graminum Rondani. К сожалению, этот опасный фитофаг способен довольно быстро преодолевать устойчивость растений. Богатым источником пополнения запаса новых эффективных генов резистентности могут быть образцы местного ячменя, поступившие в коллекцию Всероссийского института генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. Вавилова из стран Азии.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В лабораторных опытах с помощью балловой шкалы оценили устойчивость к краснодарской популяции насекомого 65 образцов ячменя из Афганистана и семи линий, которые были выделены ранее из гетерогенных местных образцов. Кроме того, изучили сорт ‘Post’ (к-31204, США, защищен геном Rsg1) и линии, выделенные из образцов к-15903, к-15600, к-16190 (Китай), к-4080, к-3885, к-3904 (Монголия) и сорта ‘Онохойский’ (к-16626, Россия, Бурятия), каждая из которых имеет по одному гену устойчивости, а также выделенную из сорта ‘Namji Milyang Native K647 1007’ (к-28129, Северная Корея) линию, защищенную доминантным и рецессивным генами. Наследование устойчивости у линий из Афганистана изучали с помощью тест-клонов S. graminum и гибридологического анализа.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и выводы</title><p>Результаты и выводы. Восемь гетерогенных образцов из Афганистана содержат растения с высоким уровнем устойчивости к обыкновенной злаковой тле. В результате заселения ‘Post’ и семи линий, выделенных из афганских образцов, 93 клонами тли выявили 29 фенотипов вирулентности S. graminum. Устойчивость всех линий контролируют различные аллели, отличающиеся и от идентифицированных нами ранее. Эффективность генов, которыми защищены выделенные из афганских образцов линии, в большинстве случаев низка. Устойчивы к популяции тли две линии – 20209 и 22421. У линии 22421 выявлен моногенный доминантный контроль признака.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Growing genetically protected barley cultivars is considered the most cost-efficient method to control the greenbug, Schizaphis graminum Rondani. Unfortunately, this dangerous phytophage is capable of rapidly overcoming plant resistance. Accessions of local barleys from Asian countries that entered the collection of the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources could serve as a rich source of new effective resistance genes.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Laboratory experiments were conducted to assess the resistance of 65 barley accessions from Afghanistan and 7 pure lines, isolated from heterogeneous accessions in previous studies, to the Krasnodar greenbug population using a scoring scale. The study also included cv. ‘Post’ (k-31204, USA, carrier of the Rsg1 resistance gene), and lines isolated from barley landrace accessions k-15903, k-15600, k-16190 (China), k-4080, k-3885, k-3904 (Mongolia) and cv. ‘Onokhoisky’ (k-16626, Buryatia, Russia), each containing one gene controlling low plant damage, as well as a line isolated from cv. ‘Namji Milyang Native K647 1007’ (k-28129, North Korea), protected by dominant and recessive genes. Genetic control of greenbug resistance in the lines from Afghanistan was studied using aphid test clones and hybridological analysis.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and conclusions</title><p>Results and conclusions. Eight heterogeneous accessions from Afghanistan had plants displaying a high level of resistance to S. graminum. Assessing cv. ‘Post’ and seven lines isolated from Afghan accessions for their response to 93 aphid clones made it possible to identify 29 virulence phenotypes. All seven lines contained resistance alleles that differed from one another and from those that we had previously identified. In most cases, the efficacy of the genes protecting the lines isolated from Afghan accessions was low. Two lines, 20209 and 22421, were resistant to aphid populations. Line 22421 exhibited monogenic dominant control of the trait.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Hordeum vulgare L.</kwd><kwd>Schizaphis graminum  Rondani</kwd><kwd>фенотипы вирулентности</kwd><kwd>гены устойчивости</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Hordeum vulgare L.</kwd><kwd>Schizaphis graminum  Rondani</kwd><kwd>virulence phenotypes</kwd><kwd>resistance genes</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания согласно тематическому плану ВИР по проекту № FGEM-2022-0009 «Структурирование и раскрытие потенциала наследственной изменчивости мировой коллекции зерновых и крупяных культур ВИР для развития, оптимизированного генбанка и рационального использования в селекции и растениеводстве».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">the study was conducted within the framework of the state task assigned by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Project No. FGEM-2022-0009 “Structuring and disclosing the potential of hereditary variation in the global collection of cereal and groat crops at VIR for the development of an optimized genebank and its sustainable utilization in plant breeding and crop production”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Абдуллаев Р.А., Баташева Б.А., Алпатьева Н.В., Чумаков М.А., Радченко Е.Е., Ковалева О.Н. и др. 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