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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vir-nw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Труды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2227-8834</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0982</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30901/2227-8834-2026-2-o9</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vir-nw-2536</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МОБИЛИЗАЦИЯ И СОХРАНЕНИЕ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКОГО РАЗНООБРАЗИЯ КУЛЬТУРНЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ И ИХ ДИКИХ РОДИЧЕЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MOBILIZATION AND CONSERVATION OF THE GENETIC DIVERSITY OF CULTIVATED PLANTS AND THEIR WILD RELATIVES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Генетические ресурсы подсолнечника в коллекции ВИР</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sunflower genetic resources in the VIR collection</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8110-9168</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаврилова</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gavrilova</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вера Алексеевна Гаврилова, доктор биологических наук, главный научный сотрудник, ВИР</p><p>190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Б. Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vera A. Gavrilova, Dr. Sci. (Biology), Chief Researcher, VIR</p><p> 42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">v.gavrilova@vir.nw.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7913-3815</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макарова</surname><given-names>Л. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarova</surname><given-names>L. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лариса Георгиевна Макарова, ведущий специалист, ВИР</p><p>190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Б. Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Larisa G. Makarova, Leading Specialist, VIR</p><p>42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">larisa.mackarova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0474-8860</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Анисимова</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Anisimova</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ирина Николаевна Анисимова, доктор биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, ВИР</p><p>190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Б. Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina N. Anisimova, Dr. Sci. (Biology), Leading Researcher, VIR </p><p>42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">irina_anisimova@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. Вавилова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>187</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>9</fpage><lpage>20</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гаврилова В.А., Макарова Л.Г., Анисимова И.Н., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гаврилова В.А., Макарова Л.Г., Анисимова И.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gavrilova V.A., Makarova L.G., Anisimova I.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/2536">https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/2536</self-uri><abstract><p>Самая крупная коллекция подсолнечника хранится в генбанке США. Однако, поскольку Американский континент является центром происхождения однолетних и многолетних дикорастущих видов Helianthus L., две трети американской коллекции составляют образцы диких видов, собранные в Северной и Центральной Америке. На втором месте по численности находится коллекция культурного подсолнечника генбанка Франции. В коллекции ВИР всего лишь 431 образец дикорастущих видов, тогда как коллекция культурного подсолнечника (2306 образцов) самая богатая по разнообразию генотипов и оригинальная – по численности образцов она занимает третье место в мире. Здесь сосредоточены первые сорта народной селекции и первые сорта селекционных учреждений, так как именно в России происходил процесс становления культуры подсолнечника. Высокомасличные сорта ‘Передовик’, ‘Смена’, ‘Спутник’ и другие лежат в основе первых американских линий для гетерозисной селекции. Отечественные сорта обладают устойчивостью к заразихе, ржавчине, ложной мучнистой росе и подсолнечниковой моли. Материалы экспедиций в Молдавии, Украине, Центральной России и Приморском крае, проведенных в 60–80-е годы прошлого столетия, также ценны и оригинальны. Работа по изучению коллекции ведется в соответствии с основными направлениями селекции. В результате многолетних исследований созданы выборки образцов – признаковые коллекции высокомасличных и высокобелковых, крупноплодных, высокорослых, устойчивых к различным патогенам образцов. Для селекции подсолнечника с использованием эффекта гетерозиса получены линии короткостебельные, с цитоплазматической мужской стерильностью и линии – восстановители фертильности пыльцы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The largest collection of sunflower genetic resources is held by the National Plant Germplasm System of the United States. However, since the American continent is the center of origin for annual and perennial wild Helianthus L. spp., two-thirds of the U.S. collection comprises wild accessions collected in North and Central Americas. The second-largest collection of cultivated sunflower belongs to the French genebank. The richest and truly unique collection in terms of genotype diversity is maintained at VIR, Russia. It harbors 2,306 accessions, which makes it third in the world. The first landraces and earliest cultivars developed at plant breeding institutions are concentrated here, since it was in Russia that sunflower crop cultivation was established. High-oleic cultivars, such as ‘Peredovik’, ‘Smena’, ‘Sputnik’, etc., served as initial sources for the first American lines for heterosis breeding. Domestic cultivars are resistant to broomrape, rust, downy mildew, and sunflower moth. The germplasm delivered by collecting missions from Moldova, Ukraine, Central Russia, and Primorsky Territory in the 1960–1980s is also valuable and unique. The collection has been studied by researchers in line with principal breeding trends. Long-term research activities have resulted in setting up trait-specific collections of high-oleic, high-protein, large-fruited, tall-growing, and pathogen-resistant accessions. Short-stemmed and CMS lines, as well as pollen fertility restorers, have been developed for sunflower heterosis breeding.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Helianthus</kwd><kwd>линии</kwd><kwd>сорта-популяции</kwd><kwd>образцы</kwd><kwd>дикие виды</kwd><kwd>генбанки</kwd><kwd>признаковые коллекции</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Helianthus</kwd><kwd>lines</kwd><kwd>cultivar populations</kwd><kwd>accessions</kwd><kwd>wild species</kwd><kwd>genebanks</kwd><kwd>trait-specific collections</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания согласно тематическому плану ВИР по проекту № FGEM-2022-0005 «Растительные ресурсы масличных и прядильных культур ВИР как основа теоретических исследований и их практического использования».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">the research was performed within the framework of the state task according to the theme plan of VIR, Project No. FGEM-2022-0005 “Plant resources of oil and fiber crops at VIR as the basis for theoretical research and their practical utilization”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алексанян С.М. 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