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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vir-nw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Труды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2227-8834</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0982</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30901/2227-8834-2026-2-o17</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vir-nw-2510</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННАЯ СЕЛЕКЦИЯ НА СОВРЕМЕННОМ ЭТАПЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DOMESTIC PLANT BREEDING AT THE PRESENT STAGE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние условий отбора на результативность селекции яровой мягкой пшеницы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The effect of initial selection conditions on the breeding results in spring bread wheat</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1561-6345</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лепехов</surname><given-names>С. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lepekhov</surname><given-names>S. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Борисович Лепехов, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, заведующий лабораторией</p><p>656910 Россия. Барнаул, Научный городок, 35</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey B. Lepekhov, Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Head of a Laboratory</p><p>35 Nauchny Gorodok, Barnaul 656910, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sergei.lepehov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный Алтайский научный центр агробиотехнологий</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Altai Scientific Center of Agro-Biotechnologies</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>187</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>168</fpage><lpage>177</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лепехов С.Б., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лепехов С.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lepekhov S.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/2510">https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/2510</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Оценка генотипов в гибридной популяции зачастую искажается из-за нерегулируемых факторов, таких как остаточный гетерозис, конкуренция растений, почвенная неоднородность, погодные условия в год отбора. Если воздействие первых трех факторов в ранних поколениях гибридов невозможно устранить, то условия произрастания в некоторой степени могут быть управляемы путем создания провокационных фонов, испытания в разных географических пунктах или в разные годы. Наиболее доступный способ отбора растений в разнообразных условиях заключается в пересеве гибридных популяций на протяжении нескольких лет.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Двадцать четыре линии яровой мягкой пшеницы, полученные при индивидуальном отборе из восьми гибридных популяций в три разных года (2017, 2018, 2019), испытаны по урожайности и элементам продуктивности в лесостепи Алтайского Приобья (г. Барнаул) в 2024 и 2025 г.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. На изменчивость практически всех рассматриваемых признаков достоверно влияли факторы «родословная», «год отбора из гибридной популяции» и «год испытания линий поздних поколений». Наибольший вклад в изменчивость урожайности линий поздних поколений внес фактор «год испытания линий поздних поколений» (37,6%) и взаимодействие факторов «родословная» и «год отбора из гибридной популяции» (15,4%). Средняя урожайность была наибольшей у линий, отобранных в 2019 г. (415 г/м2 против 408 г/м2 и 383 г/м2 в 2017 и 2018 г. соответственно), а наибольшее количество самых урожайных линий отобрано из популяций, посеянных в 2017 г. (4 штуки против 2 и 1 шт. в 2018 и 2019 г. соответственно).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Условия, складывающиеся в год отбора из гибридных популяций, оказывают достоверное влияние на изменчивость практически всех признаков линий поздних поколений у яровой мягкой пшеницы. Индивидуальный отбор из разнообразных гибридных популяций в разные годы позволяет охватить широкую изменчивость, что повышает эффективность селекции.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Genotype evaluation in a segregating population is often biased due to unregulated factors, such as heterozygosity, plant competition, soil differences, or weather conditions in the year of selection. The effect of the first three cannot be eliminated in early hybrid generations, but it is partially possible to regulate environmental factors through planting in different agroecological environments, geographic locations, and years. The most suitable way of plant selection under diverse conditions is to replant segregating populations continuously for several years.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Twenty-four spring bread wheat lines, obtained by individual selection from eight segregating populations in three years (2017, 2018, and 2019), were evaluated for yield and yield components in the Ob River forest-steppe, Altai Territory (Barnaul), in 2024 and 2025.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The greatest contribution to the yield variability in the advanced lines was made by the factor “year of testing advanced lines” (37.6%). The factor “year of selection from a segregating population” accounted for only 2% of the total yield variability, but the interaction of the factors “pedigree” and “year of selection from a segregating population” contributed to 15.4% of the yield variability. Even though the average yield was the highest in the lines selected in 2019 (415 g/m2 vs. 408 g/m2 and 383 g/m2 in 2017 and 2018, respectively), the largest number of lines with high yield was selected from the populations planted in 2017 (4 pcs. vs. 2 and 1 pcs. in 2018 and 2019, respectively).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Natural conditions in the year of selection produce a significant impact on the variability of almost all characters in advanced lines of spring bread wheat. Individual selection from various segregating populations in different years makes it possible to employ wide variability, which would increase wheat breeding efficiency.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гибридная популяция</kwd><kwd>взаимодействие «генотип × среда»</kwd><kwd>урожайность</kwd><kwd>элементы структуры урожая</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>segregating population</kwd><kwd>genotype × environment interaction</kwd><kwd>yield</kwd><kwd>yield structure components</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания Федерального Алтайского научного центра агробиотехнологий № 0534-2024-0003 «Использование генетических и биотехнологических методов исследований в селекции растений».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">this work was implemented within the framework of the state task delegated to the Federal Altai Scientific Center of Agro-Biotechnologies: No. 0534-2024-0003 “The use of genetics and biotechnological research methods in plant breeding”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ahakpaz F., Abdi H., Neyestani E., Hesami A., Mohammadi B., Mahmoudi K.N. et al. 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