vir-nwТруды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекцииProceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding2227-88342619-0982N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources10.30901/2227-8834-2025-3-245-259vir-nw-2445Research ArticleИДЕНТИФИКАЦИЯ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКОГО РАЗНООБРАЗИЯ КУЛЬТУРНЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ И ИХ ДИКИХ РОДИЧЕЙ ДЛЯ РЕШЕНИЯ ФУНДАМЕНТАЛЬНЫХ И ПРИКЛАДНЫХ ПРОБЛЕМIDENTIFICATION OF THE DIVERSITY OF CULTIVATED PLANTS AND THEIR WILD RELATIVES FOR SOLVING FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED PROBLEMSСоздание двух гексаплоидных сортов овса (Avena sativa L.) пищевого назначения с высокой питательной ценностью крупы: национальная инновация МароккоRelease of two hexaploid oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivars with high nutritive value of groat for human consumption: an innovation at the Moroccan national levelhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2665-3574СаидиН.SaidiN.

Нежа Саиди, доктор философии, Национальный институт сельскохозяйственных исследований.

10000 Марокко, Рабат, Авеню Эннаср, ИНРА

Nezha Saidi, PhD, National Institute for Agricultural Research.

INRA, Avenue Ennasr, Rabat 10000, Morocco

nezha.saidi@inra.mahttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6133-6312ШаймиН.ShaimiN.

Наима Шайми, доктор философии, Национальный институт сельскохозяйственных исследований.

10000 Марокко, Рабат, Авеню Эннаср, ИНРА

Naima Shaimi , PhD, National Institute for Agricultural Research.

INRA, Avenue Ennasr, Rabat 10000, Morocco

naima.shaimi@inra.mahttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6721-2778ТагутиМ.TaghoutiM.

Муна Тагути, доктор философии, Национальный институт сельскохозяйственных исследований.

10000 Марокко, Рабат, Авеню Эннаср, ИНРА

Mouna Taghouti, PhD, National Institute for Agricultural Research.

INRA, Avenue Ennasr, Rabat 10000, Morocco

mouna.taghouti@inra.mahttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8111-5974БеналиА.BenaliA.

Ауатиф Бенали, доктор философии, Национальный институт сельскохозяйственных исследований.

10000 Марокко, Рабат, Авеню Эннаср, ИНРА

Aouatif Benali, PhD, National Institute for Agricultural Research.

INRA, Avenue Ennasr, Rabat 10000, Morocco

aouatif.benali@inra.mahttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8746-1229МанзалиР.ManzaliR.

Pадже Манзали, доктор философии, Университет Хасана I, Национальный институт сельскохозяйственных исследований, Региональный центр сельскохозяйственных исследований Рабата.

26003 Марокко, Сеттат, Рю Ибну Лхайтам, 50; 10000 Марокко, Рабат, Авеню Эннаср, ИНРА

Rajae Manzali, PhD, Hassan I University, National Institute for Agricultural Research, Regional Center for Agricultural Research of Rabat.

50 Rue Ibnou Lhaytham, Settat 26002, Morocco; INRA, Avenue Ennasr, Rabat 10000, Morocco

raja.manz@live.frhttps://orcid.org/0009-0003-9306-0503ТуилС.TouilS.

Сальма Туил, Университет Ибн Тофаила, Национальный институт сельскохозяйственных исследований, Региональный центр сельскохозяйственных исследований Рабата.

14000 Марокко, Кенитра, Авеню де л’Юниверсите; 10000 Марокко, Рабат, Авеню Эннаср, ИНРА

Salma Touil, Ibn Tofail University, National Institute for Agricultural Research, Regional Center for Agricultural Research of Rabat, Avenue de l’Université.

Kénitra 14000, Morocco; INRA, Avenue Ennasr, Rabat 10000, Morocco

salmatouil1998@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7374-4674ДуаикА.DouaikA.

Ахмед Дуаик, доктор философии, Национальный институт сельскохозяйственных исследований.

10000 Марокко, Рабат, Авеню Эннаср, ИНРА

Ahmed Douaik, PhD, National Institute for Agricultural Research.

INRA, Avenue Ennasr, Rabat 10000, Morocco

ahmed.douaik@inra.mahttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2018-8031ГабунФ.GabounF.

Фатима Габун, доктор философии, Национальный институт сельскохозяйственных исследований.

10000 Марокко, Рабат, Авеню Эннаср, ИНРА

Fatima Gaboun, PhD, National Institute for Agricultural Research.

INRA, Avenue Ennasr, Rabat 10000, Morocco

fatima.gaboun@inra.mahttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2369-1284БуксаимМ.BouksaimM.

Мохамед Буксаим, доктор философии, Национальный институт сельскохозяйственных исследований.

10000 Марокко, Рабат, Авеню Эннаср, ИНРА

Mohamed Bouksaim, PhD, National Institute for Agricultural Research.

INRA, Avenue Ennasr, Rabat 10000, Morocco

mbouksaim@hotmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0003-4954-2134Аль ФаизШ.Al FaizCh.

Шавки Аль Фаиз, бывший старший научный сотрудник, Национальный институт сельскохозяйственных исследований.

10000 Марокко, Рабат, Авеню Эннаср, ИНРА

Chawki Al Faiz, Ex Senior Scientist, National Institute for Agricultural Research.

INRA, Avenue Ennasr, Rabat 10000, Morocco

faizchawki@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5454-4095ЛадизинскийГ.LadizinskyG.

Гидеон Ладизинский, профессор, бывший главный исследователь

20523 США, Вашингтон, округ Колумбия, проект № TAMOU 97-053

Gideon ladizinsky, Professor, Ex Principal Investigator.

Project No. TAMOU 97-053, Washington DC 20523

ladizins@agri.huji.ac.ilНациональный институт сельскохозяйственных исследований, Региональный центр сельскохозяйственных исследований РабатаМароккоNational Institute for Agricultural Research, Regional Center for Agricultural Research of RabatMoroccoНациональный институт сельскохозяйственных исследований, Региональный центр сельскохозяйственных исследований Рабата; Университет Хасана IРоссияNational Institute for Agricultural Research, Regional Center for Agricultural Research of Rabat; Hassan I UniversityRussian FederationНациональный институт сельскохозяйственных исследований, Региональный центр сельскохозяйственных исследований Рабата; Университет Ибн ТофаилаМароккоNational Institute for Agricultural Research, Regional Center for Agricultural Research of Rabat; Ibn Tofail UniversityMoroccoАгентство США по международному развитиюРоссияUnited States Agency for International DevelopmentRussian Federation2025300920251863245259Copyright © Саиди Н., Шайми Н., Тагути М., Бенали А., Манзали Р., Туил С., Дуаик А., Габун Ф., Буксаим М., Аль Фаиз Ш., Ладизинский Г., 20252025Саиди Н., Шайми Н., Тагути М., Бенали А., Манзали Р., Туил С., Дуаик А., Габун Ф., Буксаим М., Аль Фаиз Ш., Ладизинский Г.Saidi N., Shaimi N., Taghouti M., Benali A., Manzali R., Touil S., Douaik A., Gaboun F., Bouksaim M., Al Faiz C., Ladizinsky G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/2445

Селекция марокканского овса традиционно нацелена на урожайность кормового зерна, однако дикий тетраплоидный вид овса Avena murphyi Ladiz. обладает аллелями, повышающими содержание белка и β-глюканов в зерне, которое значительно превосходит показатели возделываемых сортов.

Два десятилетия изучения интрогрессии возвратного скрещивания с использованием популяций дикого тетраплоидного вида овса A. murphyi привели к созданию первых марокканских улучшенных гексаплоидных сортов овса ‘Al Fawze’ и ‘Abtah’ пищевого назначения.

Рецензируемые статьи, научные отчеты и базы данных селекционеров проанализировали на предмет местного разнообразия и сохранения генетических ресурсов рода Avena L. Провели межвидовые скрещивания и полевые испытания гибридов в нескольких почвенно-климатических зонах Средиземноморья с богарным земледелием, изучили биохимические и технологические признаки, значимые для пищевого, кормового и технического направлений использования культуры.

Крупа интрогрессивных линий овса содержала до 17% белка и до 5% β-глюканов, масса 1000 зерновок достигала 38 г, урожайность зерна сохранялась на уровне 34–43 ц/га, выявлена комплексная устойчивость к корончатой ржавчине, мучнистой росе и вирусу желтой карликовости ячменя. При замещении 20% муки мягкой пшеницы мукой сорта овса ‘Al Fawze’ содержание белка в полученном хлебе составляло 14% без изменения реологии теста, что свидетельствует о повышении качества хлебобулочных и других пищевых изделий из этой муки.

Использование эндемичной дикой зародышевой плазмы ускорило создание хорошо адаптированных, богатых питательными веществами новых сортов овса для пищевого использования. Следующими шагами станут масштабное увеличение производства сертифицированных семян, заключение партнерских соглашений с переработчиками, проверка вкусовых качеств продукции, ее экологической чистоты и пользы для здоровья человека.

Moroccan oat breeding has traditionally targeted forage yield, yet the wild tetraploid oat species Avena murphyi Ladiz. possesses proteinand β-glucan-enhancing alleles largely absent from cultivated germplasm.

The two decades of research, exploiting the wild tetraploid oat species A. murphyi through backcross introgression led to the release of the first Moroccan improved hexaploid oats cultivars, ‘Al Fawze’ and ‘Abtah’, developed for human consumption.

Peer-reviewed papers, institutional reports and breeder datasets were screened for local Avena L. diversity and conservation, interspecific hybridization procedures, multi-environment performance under rainfed Mediterranean conditions, and nutritional and techno-functional traits relevant to food, feed and industrial use.

Introgressed lines achieved 17% groat protein content, 5% groat β-glucan content and 38 g thousand-kernel weight while sustaining 34–43 q ha⁻¹ grain yield in addition to broad resistance to crown rust, powdery mildew, and BYDV. A 20% substitution of bread-wheat flour with ‘Al Fawze’ flour increased loaf protein by 14% without altering dough rheology, signaling immediate value for bakery and cereal products.

Leveraging endemic wild germplasm fast-tracked the creation of climate-adapted, nutrient-dense oats for human consumption. Next steps include certified-seed scale-up, processor partnerships, and consumer-focused validation of sensory quality, sustainability, and health benefits.

кормовая культураAvena murphyiгибридизациябиоактивные веществаβ-глюканысодержание белкаместные генетические ресурсыдикие видыforage cropAvena murphyihybridizationbioactive compoundsβ-glucansgroat proteinsindigenous genetic resourceswild speciesРабота удостоена главной премии Хасана II, присуждаемой за изобретения и исследования в области сельского хозяйства в классе передовых наук и технологий, в 12-й редакции 2021 г. Исследование частично профинансировано Агентством США по международному развитию (USAID) в рамках проекта № TAMOU 97-053 под руководством главного исследователя проекта проф. Гидеона Ладизинского. Д-р Нежа Саиди хотела бы выразить признательность всем коллегам, которые внесли свой вклад в выполнение этой работы, а именно А. Суихке, А. Салиху Идрисси, М. Ксибе, М. Амере, покойному А. Абтаху, Х. Бенарди, А. Баамми, М. Нехачу, а также студентам бакалавриата и магистратуры. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.