<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vir-nw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Труды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2227-8834</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0982</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30901/2227-8834-2025-3-127-139</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vir-nw-2436</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИЗУЧЕНИЕ И ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИХ РЕСУРСОВ РАСТЕНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>STUDYING AND UTILIZATION OF PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Взаимосвязь между морфологическими признаками и урожайностью семян кресс-салата в двух экологических условиях</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Interrelationships among morphological traits and seed yield in garden cress under two environmental circumstances</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9690-6525</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сабагния</surname><given-names>Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sabaghnia</surname><given-names>N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Насер Сабагния, доктор философии, профессор.</p><p>83111-55181 Иран, Мараге, шоссе Амиркабир</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Naser Sabaghnia, PhD, Professor.</p><p>Amirkabir Hwy., Maragheh 83111-55181</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sabaghnia@maragheh.ac.ir</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4551-485X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рахими</surname><given-names>В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rahimi</surname><given-names>V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вахид Рахими, доктор философии.</p><p>56199-11367 Ардебиль, ул. Университетская</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vahid Rahimi, PhD.</p><p>University St., Ardabil 56199-11367</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vahidrahimi2010@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6359-3200</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мохебодини</surname><given-names>М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mohebodini</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мехди Мохебодини, доктор философии, профессор.</p><p>56199-11367 Ардебиль, ул. Университетская</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mehdi Mohebodini, PhD, Professor.</p><p>University St., Ardabil 56199-11367</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mohebodini@uma.ac.ir</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6121-6791</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Джанмохаммади</surname><given-names>М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Janmohammadi</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мохсен Джанмохаммади, доктор философии, профессор.</p><p>83111-55181 Мараге, шоссе Амиркабир</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mohsen Janmohammadi, PhD, Professor.</p><p>Amirkabir Hwy., Maragheh 83111-55181</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mjanmohammadi@maragheh.ac.ir</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет Мараге</institution><country>Иран</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>University of Maragheh</institution><country>Islamic Republic of Iran</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет Мохагег Ардабили</institution><country>Иран</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>University of Mohaghegh Ardabili</institution><country>Islamic Republic of Iran</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>186</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>127</fpage><lpage>139</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сабагния Н., Рахими В., Мохебодини М., Джанмохаммади М., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сабагния Н., Рахими В., Мохебодини М., Джанмохаммади М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sabaghnia N., Rahimi V., Mohebodini M., Janmohammadi M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/2436">https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/2436</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Целью настоящего исследования является анализ морфологических признаков, ассоциированных с урожайностью семян кресс-салата, а также определение их прямого и косвенного влияния на продуктивность растения. Понимание причинно-следственных связей между признаками и урожайностью способствует более обоснованному отбору селекционерами оптимальных комбинаций характеристик для повышения экономической эффективности культуры.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В исследовании оценено 64 генотипа кресс-салата, включая 60 зарубежных и 4 местных иранских образца. Опыт проводился в двух агроэкологических зонах, Ардебиль и Эйванки, с использованием рандомизированного блочного дизайна.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Наиболее важным фактором, определяющим урожайность, в обеих средах стабильно выступала надземная биомасса. Второстепенное значение имели признаки, связанные с листьями и репродуктивными органами. Классификация признаков по уровням иерархии (первичные, вторичные, третичные и четвертичные) позволила снизить эффект мультиколлинеарности и более четко выявить структуру взаимосвязей. Анализ путей определил наиболее эффективные селекционные траектории, такие как LB → PP → PB → BIO → SY в условиях Ардебиля и FLO → LW → LL → SY в Эйванки. Результаты бутстреп-оценки подтвердили устойчивость и достоверность выявленных взаимосвязей. Заключение. Косвенный отбор по таким признакам, как биомасса, морфология листа и компоненты урожайности, может эффективно способствовать увеличению семенной продуктивности кресс-салата. Более того, достижимо одновременное улучшение как семенной, так и листовой продуктивности, что следует учитывать в будущих программах селекции.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. This study aimed to explore the morphological traits associated with seed yield in garden cress and to recognize the direct and indirect effects of agronomic characteristics. Analyzing the relationships between traits and seed yield with understanding their causal effects helps breeders choose the best combination of yield components to improve economic performance.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A total of 64 accessions, including 60 international and 4 local Iranian genotypes, were evaluated across two locations (Ardabil and Eyvanki) using a randomized block scheme.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Biomass consistently emerged as the most influential trait across both environments, followed by leafand pod-related characters. Categorizing traits into primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary orders helped reduce multicollinearity and clarified the structure of trait interrelationships. Path analysis indicated several optimal selection pathways, such as LB → PP → PB → BIO → SY in Ardabil, and FLO → LW → LL → SY in Eyvanki. The bootstrapped estimates confirmed the stability and reliability of the identified trait effects.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Finally, indirect selection based on biomass, leaf traits, and yield components can improve seed yield in garden cress. Also, simultaneous improvement of seed and leaf yield is feasible and should be considered in future breeding programs.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>корреляции</kwd><kwd>множественная линейная регрессия</kwd><kwd>косвенные эффекты</kwd><kwd>селекция</kwd><kwd>кресс-салат</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>correlations</kwd><kwd>multiple linear regression</kwd><kwd>indirect effects</kwd><kwd>selection</kwd><kwd>garden cress</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">авторы выражают искреннюю благодарность Институту генетики растений и исследований сельскохозяйственных культур (Германия) за предоставление образцов кресс-салата, использованных в данном исследовании.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The authors are sincerely grateful to the Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Germany, for providing garden cress accessions. The authors thank the reviewers for their contribution to the peer review of this work.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adak A., Murray S.C., Božinović S., Lindsey R., Nakasagga S., Chatterjee S. et al. Temporal vegetation indices and plant height from remotely sensed imagery can predict grain yield and flowering time breeding value in maize via machine learning regression. Remote Sensing. 2021;13(11):2141. DOI: 10.3390/rs13112141</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adak A., Murray S.C., Božinović S., Lindsey R., Nakasagga S., Chatterjee S. et al. Temporal vegetation indices and plant height from remotely sensed imagery can predict grain yield and flowering time breeding value in maize via machine learning regression. Remote Sensing. 2021;13(11):2141. DOI: 10.3390/rs13112141</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adera F., Yusuf Z., Desta M. Physicochemical properties and biological activities of garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) seed and leaf oil extracts. Canadian Journal of Infec­ tious Diseases and Medical Microbiology. 2022;1:2947836. DOI: 10.1155/2022/2947836</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adera F., Yusuf Z., Desta M. Physicochemical properties and biological activities of garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) seed and leaf oil extracts. Canadian Journal of Infec­ tious Diseases and Medical Microbiology. 2022;1:2947836. DOI: 10.1155/2022/2947836</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bedassa T., Andargie M., Eshete M. Genetic variability and association among yield, yield related traits and oil content in Ethiopian garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) genotypes. Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science. 2013;7(5):141-149. DOI: 10.5897/JPBCS2013.0396</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bedassa T., Andargie M., Eshete M. Genetic variability and association among yield, yield related traits and oil content in Ethiopian garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) genotypes. Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science. 2013;7(5):141-149. DOI: 10.5897/JPBCS2013.0396</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chalise D.P., Snider J.L., Hand L.C., Roberts P., Vellidis G., Ermanis A. et al. Cultivar, irrigation management, and mepiquat chloride strategy: Effects on cotton growth, maturity, yield, and fiber quality. Field Crops Research. 2022;286:108633. DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2022.108633</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chalise D.P., Snider J.L., Hand L.C., Roberts P., Vellidis G., Ermanis A. et al. Cultivar, irrigation management, and mepiquat chloride strategy: Effects on cotton growth, maturity, yield, and fiber quality. Field Crops Research. 2022;286:108633. DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2022.108633</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chaudhary S., Devi P., HanumanthaRao B., Jha U.C., Sharma K.D., Prasad P.V.V. et al. Physiological and molecular approaches for developing thermotolerance in vegetable crops: A growth, yield and sustenance perspective. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2022;13:878498. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.878498</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chaudhary S., Devi P., HanumanthaRao B., Jha U.C., Sharma K.D., Prasad P.V.V. et al. Physiological and molecular approaches for developing thermotolerance in vegetable crops: A growth, yield and sustenance perspective. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2022;13:878498. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.878498</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cobb J.N., Juma R.U., Biswas P.S., Arbelaez J.D., Rutkoski J., Atlin G. et al. Enhancing the rate of genetic gain in public-sector plant breeding programs: lessons from the breeder’s equation. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 2019;132(3):627-645. DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03317-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cobb J.N., Juma R.U., Biswas P.S., Arbelaez J.D., Rutkoski J., Atlin G. et al. Enhancing the rate of genetic gain in public-sector plant breeding programs: lessons from the breeder’s equation. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 2019;132(3):627-645. DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03317-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Demeke B., Dejene T., Abebe D. Genetic variability, heritability, and genetic advance of morphological, yield related and quality traits in upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes at pawe, northwestern Ethiopia. Cogent Food and Agriculture. 2023;9(1):2157099. DOI: 10.1080/23311932.2022.2157099</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Demeke B., Dejene T., Abebe D. Genetic variability, heritability, and genetic advance of morphological, yield related and quality traits in upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes at pawe, northwestern Ethiopia. Cogent Food and Agriculture. 2023;9(1):2157099. DOI: 10.1080/23311932.2022.2157099</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dwivedi S.L., Spillane C., Lopez F., Ayele B.T., Ortiz R. First the seed: Genomic advances in seed science for improved crop productivity and food security. Crop Science. 2021;61(3):1501-1526. DOI: 10.1002/csc2.20402</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dwivedi S.L., Spillane C., Lopez F., Ayele B.T., Ortiz R. First the seed: Genomic advances in seed science for improved crop productivity and food security. Crop Science. 2021;61(3):1501-1526. DOI: 10.1002/csc2.20402</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Janmohammadi M., Sabaghnia N., Nouraein M. Path analysis of grain yield and yield components and some agronomic traits in bread wheat. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis. 2014;62(5):945-952. DOI: 10.11118/actaun201462050945</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Janmohammadi M., Sabaghnia N., Nouraein M. Path analysis of grain yield and yield components and some agronomic traits in bread wheat. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis. 2014;62(5):945-952. DOI: 10.11118/actaun201462050945</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kakaei M., Farshadfar M. Studies on genetic parameters, heritability, and path analysis under irrigated and rainfed conditions in chickpea. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter. 2025;1:1-12. DOI: 10.1007/s11105-025-01534-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kakaei M., Farshadfar M. Studies on genetic parameters, heritability, and path analysis under irrigated and rainfed conditions in chickpea. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter. 2025;1:1-12. DOI: 10.1007/s11105-025-01534-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mohammed S., Tiku K., Daniel F. A promising genotype of Lepidium sativum for enhanced yield and agronomic performances under optimal growth conditions. Horticulturae. 2025;11(2):153. DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae11020153</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mohammed S., Tiku K., Daniel F. A promising genotype of Lepidium sativum for enhanced yield and agronomic performances under optimal growth conditions. Horticulturae. 2025;11(2):153. DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae11020153</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mohebodini M., Sabaghnia N., Janmohammadi M. Interrelationships between seed yield and 16 related traits of 81 garden cress landraces. HortScience. 2018;53(7):946-948. DOI: 10.21273/HORTSCI12868-18</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mohebodini M., Sabaghnia N., Janmohammadi M. Interrelationships between seed yield and 16 related traits of 81 garden cress landraces. HortScience. 2018;53(7):946-948. DOI: 10.21273/HORTSCI12868-18</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nayebi-Aghbolag K., Sabaghnia N., Pasandi-Somehsofla M., Janmohammadi M. Study of correlation coefficients of agronomic traits and path analysis of seed yield in rye. Plant Productions. 2019;42(1):31-46. DOI: 10.22055/ppd.2019.22523.1486</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nayebi-Aghbolag K., Sabaghnia N., Pasandi-Somehsofla M., Janmohammadi M. Study of correlation coefficients of agronomic traits and path analysis of seed yield in rye. Plant Productions. 2019;42(1):31-46. DOI: 10.22055/ppd.2019.22523.1486</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rahimi V., Mohebodini M., Ghanbari A., Behnamian M., Azizinia S. The relationship between morphological traits and seed yield of Iranian garden cress accession. Acta Scien­ tiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus. 2019;18(3):137-145. DOI: 10.24326/asphc.2019.3.13</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rahimi V., Mohebodini M., Ghanbari A., Behnamian M., Azizinia S. The relationship between morphological traits and seed yield of Iranian garden cress accession. Acta Scien­ tiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus. 2019;18(3):137-145. DOI: 10.24326/asphc.2019.3.13</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sabaghnia N., Ahadnezhad A., Janmohammdi M. Genetic variation in garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) germplasm as assessed by some morphological traits. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. 2015;62(5):733-745. DOI: 10.1007/s10722-014-0192-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sabaghnia N., Ahadnezhad A., Janmohammdi M. Genetic variation in garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) germplasm as assessed by some morphological traits. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. 2015;62(5):733-745. DOI: 10.1007/s10722-014-0192-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sabaghnia N., Janmohammadi M. Path analysis of morphological traits influencing performance in Cicer arietinum genotypes under semi-arid conditions. Acta Biologica Szegedi­ ensis. 2024;68(1):1-8. DOI: 10.14232/abs.2024.1.1-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sabaghnia N., Janmohammadi M. Path analysis of morphological traits influencing performance in Cicer arietinum genotypes under semi-arid conditions. Acta Biologica Szegedi­ ensis. 2024;68(1):1-8. DOI: 10.14232/abs.2024.1.1-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sabaghnia N., Mohebodini M., Janmohammadi M. Biplot analysis of trait relations of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) landraces. Genetika. 2016;48(2):675-690. DOI: 10.2298/GENSR1602675S</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sabaghnia N., Mohebodini M., Janmohammadi M. Biplot analysis of trait relations of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) landraces. Genetika. 2016;48(2):675-690. DOI: 10.2298/GENSR1602675S</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saroj R., Soumya S.L., Singh S., Sankar S.M., Chaudhary R., Yashpal et al. Unraveling the relationship between seed yield and yield-related traits in a diversity panel of Brassica jun­ cea using multi-traits mixed model. Frontiers in Plant Sci­ ence. 2021;12:651936. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.651936</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saroj R., Soumya S.L., Singh S., Sankar S.M., Chaudhary R., Yashpal et al. Unraveling the relationship between seed yield and yield-related traits in a diversity panel of Brassica jun­ cea using multi-traits mixed model. Frontiers in Plant Sci­ ence. 2021;12:651936. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.651936</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tadesse L., Mekbib F., Wakjira A., Tadele Z. Correlation and path coefficient analysis of yield and quality components of garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) genotypes in Ethiopia. Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science. 2018;10(10):290-297. DOI: 10.5897/JPBCS2018.0757</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tadesse L., Mekbib F., Wakjira A., Tadele Z. Correlation and path coefficient analysis of yield and quality components of garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) genotypes in Ethiopia. Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science. 2018;10(10):290-297. DOI: 10.5897/JPBCS2018.0757</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tao Y., Li Z., Shah F., Wu W. Optimizing biomass allocation for optimum balance of seed yield and lodging resistance in rapeseed. Field Crops Research. 2024;316:109493. DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109493</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tao Y., Li Z., Shah F., Wu W. Optimizing biomass allocation for optimum balance of seed yield and lodging resistance in rapeseed. Field Crops Research. 2024;316:109493. DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109493</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang H., Cai X., Umer M.J., Xu Y., Hou Y., Zheng J. et al. Genetic analysis of cotton fiber traits in Gossypium hybrid lines. Physiologia Plantarum. 2024;176(4):e14442. DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14442</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang H., Cai X., Umer M.J., Xu Y., Hou Y., Zheng J. et al. Genetic analysis of cotton fiber traits in Gossypium hybrid lines. Physiologia Plantarum. 2024;176(4):e14442. DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14442</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yoo E., Kim E.G., Lee J.E., Lee S., Lee D., Lee G.A. Genetic variations in FAD3 and its influence on agronomic traits and fatty acid composition in perilla germplasm. Plant Science. 2025;355:112452. DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112452</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yoo E., Kim E.G., Lee J.E., Lee S., Lee D., Lee G.A. Genetic variations in FAD3 and its influence on agronomic traits and fatty acid composition in perilla germplasm. Plant Science. 2025;355:112452. DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112452</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zavoshti S., Sabaghnia N., Moayed F. Correlation and path coefficient analyses of dry weight yield components in the common sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.). Jour­ nal of Agricultural Science (Belgrade). 2023;68(2):155-169. DOI: 10.2298/JAS2302155Z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zavoshti S., Sabaghnia N., Moayed F. Correlation and path coefficient analyses of dry weight yield components in the common sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.). Jour­ nal of Agricultural Science (Belgrade). 2023;68(2):155-169. DOI: 10.2298/JAS2302155Z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
