vir-nwТруды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекцииProceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding2227-88342619-0982N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources10.30901/2227-8834-2025-3-57-67vir-nw-2435Research ArticleИЗУЧЕНИЕ И ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИХ РЕСУРСОВ РАСТЕНИЙSTUDYING AND UTILIZATION OF PLANT GENETIC RESOURCESВлияние начальной дозы азота при различных режимах орошения на урожайность нута сортотипа КабулиThe effect of the starting nitrogen dose under different irrigation regimes on the yield of Kabuli chickpeashttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-8351-2848Аль-АллоХ.Х.Б.Al-AlloH. H. B.

Хусейн Хамади Бакер Аль-Алло, магистр.

83111-55181 Мараге, шоссе Амиркабир

Hussein H amadi Baqer Al-Allo, MSc.

Amirkabir Hwy., Maragheh 83111-55181

alaloo.hussein@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6121-6791ДжанмохаммадиМ.JanmohammadiM.

Мохсен Джанмохаммади, доктор философии, профессор.

83111-55181 Мараге, шоссе Амиркабир

Mohsen Janmohammadi, PhD, Professor.

Amirkabir Hwy., Maragheh 83111-55181

mjanmohammadi@maragheh.ac.irhttps://orcid.org/0009-0005-0492-7270ХейрхаМ.KheyrkhahM.

Мохсен Хейрха, доктор философии, член научного факультета,

72M3+M82 Казвин, ул. Фелестин

Mohsen Kheyrkhah, PhD, Member of the Scientific Faculty, Agriculture Organization of Qazvin Province.

Felestin St., Qazvin 72M3+M82

kheyrkhah523@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9690-6525СабагнияН.SabaghniaN.

Насер Сабагния, доктор философии, профессор.

83111-55181 Мараге, шоссе Амиркабир

Naser Sabaghnia, PhD, Professor.

Amirkabir Hwy., Maragheh 83111-55181

sabaghnia@maragheh.ac.irУниверситет МарагеИранUniversity of MaraghehIslamic Republic of IranСельскохозяйственная организация провинции КазвинИранAgriculture Organization of Qazvin ProvinceIslamic Republic of Iran20253009202518635767Copyright © Аль-Алло Х., Джанмохаммади М., Хейрха М., Сабагния Н., 20252025Аль-Алло Х., Джанмохаммади М., Хейрха М., Сабагния Н.Al-Allo H., Janmohammadi M., Kheyrkhah M., Sabaghnia N.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/2435Актуальность

Актуальность. Усугубление проблемы нехватки воды, вызванное изменением климата в засушливых районах, подчеркивает необходимость использования климатически умных растений и климатически умной агротехники. В этом контексте важно регулировать нормы азотных удобрений и контролировать количество воды, потребляемой сельскохозяйственными культурами.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Оценивали фенологические, морфологические показатели, рост корней и урожайность нута при различных дозах азота (0, 20 и 40 кг/га) и режимах орошения (I1 – обильный полив, I2 – богарный, I3 – дополнительное орошение во время цветения, I4 – дополнительное орошение во время цветения и завязывания семян) на плантациях нута на засушливых землях Керманшаха в западном Иране.

Результаты

Результаты. Хотя внесение азота немного задержало фенологические стадии, дефицит почвенной влаги значительно ускорил цветение и созревание. Наибольшая глубина корней зафиксирована в условиях I2 + N40, а недостаток почвенной влаги увеличил длину корней. Однако количество корневых клубеньков при низкой почвенной влажности (I2 и I3) показало наименьшие значения: 7,30 и 6,70 соответственно. Дополнительное орошение (SI) улучшило компоненты урожая зерна по сравнению с богарой; разница в урожайности между режимами SI и I1 была достоверна. Наибольший вегетативный рост и урожайность зафиксированы в условиях I1 + N20 и I1 + N40. Самые высокие значения эффективности использования воды для урожайности зерна (WUEG) отмечали в условиях I2 + N40.

Заключение

Заключение. WUEG в богарных условиях была на 41%, 17% и 24% выше, чем при режимах орошения I1, I3 и I4 соответственно. Наивысшая эффективность использования воды по урожайности биомассы (WUEB) получена при I1 + N40 и I2 + N0 или N20. Хотя урожай зерна при I4 был ниже, чем в хорошо орошаемых условиях (около 400 кг/га), из-за нехватки воды в полузасушливых регионах для мелких фермеров рекомендуется I4 с внесением 20 или 40 кг/га азота как эффективная практика умного сельского хозяйства.

Background

Background. The aggravation of the water shortage problem caused by climate change in drought-prone areas emphasizes the use of climate-smart plants and climate-smart agriculture practices. Thus, the management of nitrogen fertilizers and controlling the amount of water consumed by crops seem very important issues.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. A field trial was aimed to evaluate chickpea phenology, morphology, and yield under different doses of nitrogen (0, 20, and 40 kg ha–1) and irrigation regimes (I1: well-watered, I2: rainfed, I3: supplemental irrigation during the flowering, I4: supplemental irrigation during the flowering and seed setting) in chickpea drylands of Kermanshah, Western Iran. Results. Although N application slightly delayed the phenological stages, soil moisture deficiency significantly accelerated flowering and maturity. The highest rooting depth was recorded for I2 + N40, and the lack of soil moisture increased the longitudinal root growth. However, the number of root nodules (created by symbiotic relationship) under rainfed (I2) and one-time supplemental irrigation (I3) showed the lowest values of 7.30 and 6.70, respectively. Supplemental irrigation (SI) improved the grain yield components compared to the rainfed condition, but the difference in grain yield between SI and I1 was still evident. The highest amounts of vegetative growth and yield were recorded under I1 + N20 and I1 + N40. The highest values of water-use efficiency for grain yield (WUEG) resulted under I2 + N40.

Conclusion

Conclusion. WUEG under rainfed conditions was 41%, 17% and 24% higher than I1, I3, and I4, respectively. The highest biomass-based water use efficiency (WUEB) was obtained under I1 + N40 and I2 + N0 or N20. Although I4 produced a lower grain yield than well-watered conditions (ca. 400 kg ha–1), due to the water scarcity in the semi-arid regions, I4 with the N application of 20 or 40 kg ha–1 is still recommended for small-scale farmers as an efficient smart-agriculture practice.

богарныйрепродуктивный ростдополнительное орошениедефицит водыурожайность зерна и биомассыэффективность использования воды растениямиrainfedreproductive growthsupplemental irrigationwater deficitgrain and biomass yieldwater-use efficiency of plantsПредставленные результаты являются частью диссертации № 1918228. Авторы признательны Университету Мараге за финансовую поддержку, а также Департаменту послевузовского образования и Департаменту исследований и технологий вышеназванного университета за сотрудничество и помощь. Мы благодарим местных экспертов за сотрудничество в сборе сельскохозяйственных данных и проведении полевого орошения. Авторы благодарят рецензентов за их вклад в экспертную оценку этой работы.the presented results are part of the thesis No. 1918228. The authors thank the financial support provided by University of Maragheh. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.