vir-nwТруды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекцииProceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding2227-88342619-0982N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources10.30901/2227-8834-2025-3-9-22vir-nw-2410Research ArticleМОБИЛИЗАЦИЯ И СОХРАНЕНИЕ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКОГО РАЗНООБРАЗИЯ КУЛЬТУРНЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ И ИХ ДИКИХ РОДИЧЕЙMOBILIZATION AND CONSERVATION OF THE GENETIC DIVERSITY OF CULTIVATED PLANTS AND THEIR WILD RELATIVESИзучение и сохранение в культуре in vitro редкого исчезающего вида Prunus armeniaca L. в КазахстанеStudy and in vitro preservation of the rare endangered species Prunus armeniaca L. in Kazakhstanhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5039-8999АлтаеваН. А.AltayevaN. A.

Назира Алтайқызы Алтаева, старший научный сотрудник

050040, Алматы, ул. Тимирязева, 45

Nazira A. Altayeva, Senior Researcher

45 Timiryazev St., Almaty 050040

altnazira@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0258-9448ЗемцоваА. С.ZemtsovaA. S.

Алина Сергеевна Земцова, младший научный сотрудник

050040, Алматы, ул. Тимирязева, 45

Alina S. Zemtsova, Associate Researcher

45 Timiryazev St., Almaty 050040

zemtsovaaalina@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0004-5354-8069АртимовичН. А.ArtimovichN. A.

Наталья Анатольевна Артимович, лаборант

050040, Алматы, ул. Тимирязева, 45

Natalya A. Artimovich, Laboratory Assistant

45 Timiryazev St., Almaty 050040

artimovich_nata@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3747-2330ТолегенА. Б.TolegenA. B.

Арман Болатханулы Толеген, старший научный сотрудник, Институт биологии и биотехнологии растений; докторант, Казахский национальный университет имени аль-Фараби

050040, Алматы, ул. Тимирязева, 45

050040, Алматы, пр. Аль-Фараби, 71

Arman B. Tolegen, Senior Researcher, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology; PhD Student, al-Farabi Kazakh National University

45 Timiryazev St., Almaty 050040

71 al-Farabi Ave., Almaty 050040

tolegenarman7@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1926-0091КушнаренкоС. В.KushnarenkoS. V.

Светлана Вениаминовна Кушнаренко, кандидат биологических наук, профессор, заведующая лабораторией

050040, Алматы, ул. Тимирязева, 45

Svetlana V. Kushnarenko, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Professor, Head of a Laboratory

45 Timiryazev St., Almaty 050040

svetlana_bio@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1052-2753РомадановаН. В.RomadanovaN. V.

Наталья Владимировна Ромаданова, кандидат биологических наук, ассоциированный профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник

050040, Алматы, ул. Тимирязева, 45

Natalya V. Romadanova, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Associate Professor, Leading Researcher

45 Timiryazev St., Almaty 050040

nata_romadanova@mail.ruИнститут биологии и биотехнологии растенийКазахстанInstitute of Plant Biology and BiotechnologyKazakhstanИнститут биологии и биотехнологии растений; Казахский национальный университет имени аль-ФарабиКазахстанInstitute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology; al-Farabi Kazakh National UniversityKazakhstan2025300920251863922Copyright © Алтаева Н.А., Земцова А.С., Артимович Н.А., Толеген А.Б., Кушнаренко С.В., Ромаданова Н.В., 20252025Алтаева Н.А., Земцова А.С., Артимович Н.А., Толеген А.Б., Кушнаренко С.В., Ромаданова Н.В.Altayeva N.A., Zemtsova A.S., Artimovich N.A., Tolegen A.B., Kushnarenko S.V., Romadanova N.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/2410Актуальность

Актуальность. Гибель растений в природных популяциях приводит к утрате биоразнообразия и изменениям экосистем. Комплексное изучение и восстановление деградирующих популяций, особенно редких видов, актуально. Биотехнология культуры тканей – важный инструмент сохранения генетического разнообразия.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Собраны и изучены 115 образцов Prunus armeniaca L. из двух популяций Алматинской области. Применялись геоботанические методы и методы культуры тканей.

Результаты

Результаты. Проведена дескрипторная оценка (46 признаков), собраны гербарии, выполнено дистанционное зондирование, построены цифровая модель рельефа (ЦМР) и ортофотоплан, рассчитан NDVI (0,3–0,7). При введении в культуру in vitro зародышевых осей оптимальной для размножения была среда Кнопа (94,5% жизнеспособности). На среде 523 выявлен низкий уровень контаминации (1,1%). Максимальный коэффициент размножения (КР) (2,9) достигнут на среде MС5 с 1 мг/л 6-бензиламинопурина (БАП) и 0,3 мг/л гибберелловой кислоты (ГК).

Заключение

Заключение. Установлено реальное состояние популяций: высокая поражаемость (до 52,6%) и отсутствие плодоношения в отдельных точках. Составлены картосхемы территории. Подтверждена эффективность среды Кнопа для проращивания зародышевых осей в культуре in vitro, тестирование побегов in vitro на среде 523 выявило низкий процент контаминации (1,1%). Максимальный КР (2,9) получен на среде МС5 с повышенным содержанием БАП и ГК.

Background

Background. The decline of plants in natural populations leads to biodiversity loss and ecosystem disruption. Comprehensive study and restoration of degrading populations, particularly of rare species, is highly relevant. Plant tissue culture biotechnology is an important tool for conserving genetic diversity.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. A total of 115 accessions of Prunus armeniaca L. from two populations in Almaty Region were collected and studied employing geobotanical and tissue culture techniques.

Results

Results. Descriptor-based evaluation (46 parameters) was conducted, herbarium specimens were prepared, remote sensing was performed, a digital elevation model (DEM) and orthophotomap were created, and NDVI values (0.3–0.7) were calculated. For in vitro initiation of embryonic axes, Knop’s medium proved optimal, with 94.5% viability. Medium 523 showed a low contamination rate (1.1%). The highest multiplication rate (MR) of 2.9 was achieved on the MS5 medium supplemented with 1 mg L–1 of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.3 mg L–1 of gibberellic acid (GA).

Conclusion

Conclusion. The actual condition of the populations was determined: high incidence of damage (up to 52.6%) and absence of fruiting in certain areas. Cartographic maps of the territory were made. The effectiveness of Knop’s medium for in vitro germination of embryonic axes was confirmed, and testing of in vitro shoots on medium 523 showed a low contamination level (1.1%). The highest MR (2.9) was obtained on the MS5 medium with elevated concentrations of BAP and GA.

Prunus armeniacaкартированиеNDVIпопуляцииразмножение in vitroPrunus armeniacamappingNDVIpopulationsin vitro propagationРабота выполнена в рамках программы BR21882024, проект 0123РК01118 «Изучение биоразнообразия редкого исчезающего вида <i>Prunus armeniaca</i> L. и <i>ex situ</i> сохранение генотипов с ценными хозяйственно-биологическими признаками». Авторы благодарят рецензентов за их вклад в экспертную оценку этой работы.The work was carried out within the framework of the BR21882024 program, Project 0123РК01118 “Study of biodiversity of the rare endangered species <i>Prunus armeniaca</i> L. and <i>ex situ</i> conservation of genotypes with valuable economic and biological traits”. The authors thank the reviewers for their contribution to the peer review of this work.ReferencesAbdalla N., El-Ramady H., Seliem M.K., El-Mahrouk M.E., Taha N., Bayoumi Y. et al. An academic and technical overview on plant micropropagation challenges. Horticulturae. 2022;8(8):677. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.