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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vir-nw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Труды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2227-8834</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0982</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30901/2227-8834-2026-1-o7</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vir-nw-2395</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА КУЛЬТУРНЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ И ИХ ДИКИХ РОДИЧЕЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GENETICS OF CULTIVATED PLANTS AND THEIR WILD RELATIVES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Наследование в F1  дефектности пыльцевых зерен и ее влияние на автофертильность растений подсолнечника</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Inheritance of defective pollen in F1 and its effect on the self-fertility in sunflower</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3903-020X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демурин</surname><given-names>Я. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demurin</surname><given-names>Ya. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Яков Николаевич Демурин, доктор биологических наук, главный научный сотрудник</p><p>350038 Россия, Краснодар, ул. Филатова, 17</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yakov N. Demurin, Dr. Sci. (Biology), Chief Researcher</p><p>17 Filatova St., Krasnodar 350038, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yakdemurin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6268-6544</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рубанова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rubanova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Александровна Рубанова, кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник</p><p>350038 Россия, Краснодар, ул. Филатова, 17,</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga A. Rubanova, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Senior Researcher</p><p>17 Filatova St., Krasnodar 350038, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olga.rubanova2017@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1618-6775</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мелейчук</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Meleychuk</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анастасия Владимировна Мелейчук, младший научный сотрудник</p><p>350038 Россия, Краснодар, ул. Филатова, 17</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia V. Meleychuk, Associate Researcher</p><p>17 Filatova St., Krasnodar 350038, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">epishkinaa1998@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3885-3837</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киров</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Илья Владимирович Киров, доктор биологических наук, заведующий лабораторией</p><p>127550 Россия, Москва, ул. Тимирязевская, 42</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilya V. Kirov, Dr. Sci. (Biology), Head of a Laboratory</p><p>42 Timiryazevskaya St., Moscow 127550, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kirovez@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9696-1409</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казанцев</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazantsev</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михаил Юрьевич Казанцев, лаборант-исследователь</p><p>127550 Россия, Москва, ул. Тимирязевская, 42</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail Yu. Kazantsev, Laboratory Research Assistant</p><p>42 Timiryazevskaya St., Moscow 127550, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">miykazantsev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт масличных культур имени В.С. Пустовойта<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">V.S. Pustovoit All-Russia Research Institute of Oil Crops<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт сельскохозяйственной биотехнологии<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">All-Russia Research institute of Agricultural Biotechnology<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>187</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>180</fpage><lpage>189</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Демурин Я.Н., Рубанова О.А., Мелейчук А.В., Киров И.В., Казанцев М.Ю., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Демурин Я.Н., Рубанова О.А., Мелейчук А.В., Киров И.В., Казанцев М.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Demurin Y.N., Rubanova O.A., Meleychuk A.V., Kirov I.V., Kazantsev M.Y.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/2395">https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/2395</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Для генотипов подсолнечника с низким уровнем качества пыльцы отмечено снижение завязываемости семянок при самоопылении корзинок, что в свою очередь негативно сказывается на урожайности. Поэтому изучение качества пыльцевых зерен, в частности морфологической дефектности, является важной задачей в селекции гибридов подсолнечника.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Исследование проводили в 2022–2024 гг. на 2-ом отделении Центральной экспериментальной базы Всероссийского НИИ масличных культур имени В.С. Пустовойта (х. Октябрьский). В работе изучены линии ВК195, ВК305, КГ49 и RIL200, 10 гибридов F1 и 23 растения M0 линии ВК101. Проведена оценка качества пыльцы по форме и диаметру пыльцевых зерен. Определена автофертильность растений, которую рассчитывали как отношение числа выполненных семянок к количеству трубчатых цветков в корзинке.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Скрещивание линий с контрастным проявлением дефектности пыльцы показало в F1 в 8 случаях из 10 разные типы доминирования нормальной пыльцы. В двух скрещиваниях линии КГ49 с дефектностью пыльцы в качестве материнской формы с нормальными линиями ВК195 и ВК305 обнаружено промежуточное наследование признака. Значительная разница в величинах реципрокных скрещиваний указывает на материнский эффект в наследовании признака дефектности пыльцы у линии КГ49. Для линии ВК101 с нормальной пыльцой после экологического стресса по технологии TE-genesis наблюдали широкую изменчивость как дефектности пыльцы, так и автофертильности с отрицательной корреляцией между ними.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Связь морфологической дефектности пыльцы с автофертильностью изучена в трех существенно различных вариантах: гомозиготности константных линий с контрастными значениями признаков, гетерозиготности межлинейных гибридов и средовой модификации эпигенетического стресса у нормальной линии. Во всех случаях установлена одинаковая закономерность снижения величины автофертильности при увеличении степени дефектности пыльцы.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. A decrease in the seed setting rate during self-pollination of flower heads was observed in sunflower genotypes with low pollen quality, which, in its turn, negatively affected the yield. Therefore, studying the quality of pollen grains, in particular their morphological defectiveness, is important for sunflower hybrid breeding.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study was conducted in 2022–2024 at the 2nd Dept. of the Central Experiment Base (Oktyabrsky Farmstead), V.S. Pustovoit All-Russia Research Institute of Oil Crops. The VK195, VK305, KG49 and RIL200 lines, 10 F1 hybrids, and 23 M0 plants of the VK101 line were tested. Pollen quality was assessed according to the shape and diameter of pollen grains. Self-fertility was calculated as the ratio of the number of well-filled achenes to the number of tubular flowers in a head.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Crossing lines with contrasting manifestations of pollen defectiveness showed different types of dominance for normal pollen in F1 in 8 cases out of 10. Intermediate inheritance of the trait was found in two crosses of the pollen-defective KG49 line, used as the maternal form, with the normal VK195 and VK305 lines. A significant difference in the values of reciprocal crosses indicated a maternal effect in the inheritance of high pollen defectiveness in KG49. For VK101 with predominantly normal pollen, wide variability in both pollen defectiveness and self-fertility, with a negative correlation between them, was observed after environmental stress using the TE genesis technology.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The relationship between morphological defectiveness of pollen and self-fertility was analyzed in three significantly different variants: homozygosity of constant lines with contrasting values of traits, heterozygosity of interlinear hybrids, and environmental modification of epigenetic stress in a normal line. All variants demonstrated the same pattern of a decrease in self-fertility with an increase in pollen defectiveness.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дефектность пыльцы</kwd><kwd>завязываемость семянок</kwd><kwd>реципрокное скрещивание</kwd><kwd>самоопыление</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pollen defectiveness</kwd><kwd>seed setting</kwd><kwd>reciprocal crosses</kwd><kwd>selfing</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Данные исследования проведены в рамках выполнения работ при финансовой поддержке гранта РНФ № 22-64-00076.</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>This research was funded by the Russian Science Foundation (Grant No. 22-64-00076).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Astiz V., Hernández L.F. 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