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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vir-nw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Труды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2227-8834</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0982</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30901/2227-8834-2026-1-o6</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vir-nw-2359</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИДЕНТИФИКАЦИЯ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКОГО РАЗНООБРАЗИЯ КУЛЬТУРНЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ И ИХ ДИКИХ РОДИЧЕЙ ДЛЯ РЕШЕНИЯ ФУНДАМЕНТАЛЬНЫХ И ПРИКЛАДНЫХ ПРОБЛЕМ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>IDENTIFICATION OF THE DIVERSITY OF CULTIVATED PLANTS AND THEIR WILD RELATIVES FOR SOLVING FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED PROBLEMS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Характеристика и подбор SSR-маркеров для оценки генетического разнообразия образцов проса посевного (Panicum miliaceum  L.)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Characterization and selection of SSR markers for assessing the genetic diversity of proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) accessions</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1239-3641</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Архестова</surname><given-names>Д. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Arkhestova</surname><given-names>D. Kh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дженет Хазреталиевна Архестова, младший научный сотрудник, КБНЦ РАН; научный сотрудник, ИСХ КБНЦ РАН</p><p>360002 Россия, Нальчик, ул. Балкарова, 2, 360004 Россия; Нальчик, ул. Кирова, 224</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dzhenet Kh. Arkhestova, Associate Researcher,  KBSC RAS; Researcher, Institute of Agriculture – branch of the KBSC RAS</p><p>2 Balkarova St., Nalchik 360002, Russia; 224 Kirova St., Nalchik 360004, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">khavpacheva.dzhenet@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5187-3229</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хаудов</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khaudov</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алий-Бек Данильбекович Хаудов, научный сотрудник,  КБНЦ РАН; научный сотрудник, ИСХ КБНЦ РАН </p><p>360002 Россия, Нальчик, ул. Балкарова, 2, 360004 Россия; Нальчик, ул. Кирова, 224</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aliy-bek D. Khaudov, Researcher, KBSC RAS; Researcher, Institute of Agriculture – branch of the KBSC RAS</p><p>2 Balkarova St., Nalchik 360002, Russia; 224 Kirova St., Nalchik 360004, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aliy-beck@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5069-7390</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулемина</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulemina</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Владимировна Кулемина, младший научный сотрудник,  ВИР</p><p>190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Б. Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana V. Kulemina, Associate Researcher, VIR</p><p>42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kkku@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Кабардино-Балкарский научный центр Российской академии наук;  Институт сельского хозяйства - филиал  КБНЦ РАН<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Kabardin-Balkar Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Institute of Agriculture – branch of the KBSC RAS<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Кабардино-Балкарский научный центр Российской академии наук;  Институт сельского хозяйства - филиал  КБНЦ РАН<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Kabardin-Balkar Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Institute of Agriculture – branch of KBSC RAS<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт&#13;
генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И.  Вавилова<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">N.I.  Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>187</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>217</fpage><lpage>227</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Архестова Д.Х., Хаудов А.Д., Кулемина Т.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Архестова Д.Х., Хаудов А.Д., Кулемина Т.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Arkhestova D.K., Khaudov A.D., Kulemina T.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/2359">https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/2359</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Просо посевное (Panicum miliaceum L.) – цельнозерновая культура, богатая питательными веществами, с коротким вегетационным периодом, что делает его удобным для выращивания в различных агроэкологических зонах. Изучение генетического разнообразия проса в коллекциях важно для сохранения генетических ресурсов и селекции. SSR-маркеры благодаря высокому полиморфизму широко используются для анализа генетического материала растений.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. На основе литературных данных отобраны 7 SSR-маркеров и оценена их возможность выявлять генетическую вариабельность 13 образцов проса коллекции ВИР из разных агроэкологических зон методом ПЦР с последующим электрофорезом в агарозном геле. Геномную ДНК выделяли из этиолированных проростков модифицированным CTAB-методом. Рассчитаны параметры генетической вариабельности: число аллелей (Na), эффективное число аллелей (Ne), ожидаемая гетерозиготность (He) и полиморфное информационное содержание (PIC). Матрицу генетических расстояний строили на основе коэффициента Нея. Анализ главных координат (PCoA) и филогенетическое дерево (UPGMA) построены с использованием программы DARwin 6.0.21.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Из отобранных семи SSR-маркеров четыре (GB-PMM-073, GB-PMM-085, GB-PMM-121, GB-PMM-126) выявляли полиморфизм анализируемых образцов, остальные три (SSR 28, SSR 109, SSR 332) были мономорфны. Всего выявлено 19 аллельных вариантов, среднее число аллелей на один SSR-локус составило 2,7, среднее значение PIC – 0,471. Два маркера (GB-PMM-121, GB-PMM-073) продемонстрировали высокий уровень информативности (PIC &gt; 0,6). Полученные ПЦР-продукты 13 образцов проса секвенировали, что позволило выявить дополнительные аллельные варианты в структуре последовательностей.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Предварительные результаты позволяют рекомендовать выявленные полиморфные маркеры для оценки и генотипирования коллекций проса и характеристики селекционного материала.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is a nutrient-rich whole-grain crop with a short growing season, making it suitable for cultivation across diverse agro-ecological zones. Studying the genetic diversity of millet in germplasm collections is essential for genetic resources conservation and breeding practice. Due to their high polymorphism, SSR markers are widely used for the analysis of plant genetic material.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Seven SSR markers were selected on the basis of published data, and their ability to detect genetic variability was assessed in 13 millet accessions from the VIR collection. The accessions originating from different agro-ecological zones were studied with PCR, followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Genomic DNA was extracted from etiolated seedlings using a modified CTAB method. Genetic variability parameters were calculated: number of alleles (Na), effective number of alleles (Ne), expected heterozygosity (He), and polymorphic information content (PIC). Nei’s coefficient was used to construct a genetic distance matrix. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and a phylogenetic tree (UPGMA) were made using DARwin 6.0.21.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Out of the 7 selected SSR markers, four (GB-PMM-073, GB-PMM-085, GB-PMM-121, and GB-PMM-126) revealed polymorphism in the analyzed accessions, while the remaining three (SSR 28, SSR 109, and SSR 332) were monomorphic. A total of 19 allelic variants were detected. The average number of alleles per SSR-locus was 2.7, and the mean PIC value was 0.471. Two markers (GB-PMM-121, and GB-PMM-073) demonstrated a high level of informativeness (PIC &gt; 0.6). The PCR products obtained from the 13 millet accessions were sequenced, making it possible to identify additional allelic variants in the sequence structure.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Preliminary results suggest that the identified polymorphic markers can be recommended for assessing and genotyping millet germplasm collections, and for characterization of breeding material.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>праймер</kwd><kwd>амплификация</kwd><kwd>генетическое разнообразие</kwd><kwd>генотипирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>primer</kwd><kwd>amplification</kwd><kwd>genetic diversity</kwd><kwd>genotyping</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания согласно тематическому плану Кабардино-Балкарского научного центра РАН по теме НИР № 125032604435-7 «Методы молекулярной идентификации феногенетических процессов в интересах повышения продуктивности селекций растений и животных» и тематическому плану ВИР по проекту № FGEM-2022-0009 «Структурирование и раскрытие потенциала наследственной изменчивости мировой коллекции зерновых и крупяных культур ВИР для развития оптимизированного генбанка и рационального использования в селекции и растениеводстве».</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The work was done within the framework of the state tasks according to the thematic plan of the Kabardin-Balkar Scientific Center of the RAS, Research Topic No. 125032604435-7 “Methods of molecular identification of phenogenetic processes to enhance the productivity of plant and animal breeding”, and the thematic plan of VIR, Project No. FGEM-2022-0009 “Structuring and disclosing the potential of hereditary variation in the global collection of cereal and groat crops at VIR for the development of an optimized genebank and its sustainable utilization in plant breeding and crop production”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abdi S., Dwivedi A., Shashi, Kumar S., Bhat V. 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