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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vir-nw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Труды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2227-8834</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0982</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30901/2227-8834-2026-1-o18</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vir-nw-2357</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИЗУЧЕНИЕ И ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИХ РЕСУРСОВ РАСТЕНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>STUDYING AND UTILIZATION OF PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Комплексная оценка хозяйственной ценности тетраплоидной белозерной пищевой кукурузы (Zea mays L.)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comprehensive assessment of the economic value in tetraploid white-grained food maize (Zea mays L.)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4001-820X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хакулова</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khakulova</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Милана Юрьевна Хакулова, аспирант, лаборант-исследователь, КБНЦ РАН, Институт сельского хозяйства – филиал КБНЦ РАН</p><p>360004 Россия, Нальчик, ул. Кирова, 224</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Milana Yu. Khakulova, Postgraduate Student, Laboratory Research Assistant, KBSC RAS,  Institute of Agriculture – branch of the KBSC RAS</p><p>224 Kirova St., Nalchik 360004, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">khakulova98mil@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9741-8646</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аппаев</surname><given-names>С. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Appaev</surname><given-names>S. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сафар Пахауович Аппаев, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, КБНЦ РАН, Институт сельского хозяйства – филиал КБНЦ РАН</p><p>360004 Россия, Нальчик, ул. Кирова, 224</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Safar P. Appaev, Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Leading Researcher,  KBSC RAS,  Institute of Agriculture – branch of the KBSC RAS</p><p>224 Kirova St., Nalchik 360004, Russia</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">appaev-safar@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6149-5952</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кегадуев</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kegaduev</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Инал Арсенович Кегадуев, аспирант</p><p>360004 Россия, Нальчик, ул. Чернышевского, 173</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Inal A. Kegaduev, Postgraduate Student</p><p>173 Chernyshevskogo St., Nalchik 360004, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">inalkegaduev@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5680-4978</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Паритов</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Paritov</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анзор Юрьевич Паритов, кандидат биологических наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой</p><p>360004 Нальчик, ул. Чернышевского, 173</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anzor Yu. Paritov, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Associate Professor, Head of a Department</p><p>173 Chernyshevskogo St., Nalchik 360004, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">paritov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3438-5987</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бузуртанов</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Buzurtanov</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Асланбек Иссаевич Бузуртанов, научный сотрудник</p><p>386203 Россия, Республика Ингушетия, Сунжа, ул. Осканова, 50</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aslanbek I. Buzurtanov, Researcher</p><p>50 Oskanova St., Sunzha 386203, Republic of Ingushetia, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">buzurtanov.aslanbek@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8870-121X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кибкало</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kibkalo</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Илья Анатольевич Кибкало, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, старший научный сотрудник, ВИР</p><p>190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Б. Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Iliya A. Kibkalo, Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Senior Researcher,  VIR</p><p>42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kibk@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5713-2328</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хатефов</surname><given-names>Э. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khatefov</surname><given-names>E. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Эдуард Балилович Хатефов, доктор биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, ВИР</p><p>190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Eduard B. Khatefov, Dr. Sci. (Biology), Leading Researcher, VIR</p><p>42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">haed1967@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Кабардино-Балкарский научный центр Российской академии наук, Институт сельского хозяйства<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Kabardin-Balkar Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Agriculture<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Кабардино-Балкарский государственный университет им. Х.М. Бербекова<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H.M. Berbekov<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Ингушский научно-исследовательский институт сельского хозяйства<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Ingush Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. Вавилова<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>187</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>62</fpage><lpage>73</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Хакулова М.Ю., Аппаев С.П., Кегадуев И.А., Паритов А.Ю., Бузуртанов А.И., Кибкало И.А., Хатефов Э.Б., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хакулова М.Ю., Аппаев С.П., Кегадуев И.А., Паритов А.Ю., Бузуртанов А.И., Кибкало И.А., Хатефов Э.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khakulova M.Y., Appaev S.P., Kegaduev I.A., Paritov A.Y., Buzurtanov A.I., Kibkalo I.A., Khatefov E.B.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/2357">https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/2357</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Мировой рынок белозерной кукурузы к 2050 г. ожидает удвоенного роста, несмотря на ее низкую урожайность. Такая популярность объясняется возросшим спросом на безглютеновые продукты и развитием новых технологий пищевых продуктов из кукурузного зерна и муки. Селекция высокоурожайных гибридов белозерной кукурузы с улучшенными питательными свойствами актуальна.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Объектом исследования служили 238 образцов белозерной тетраплоидной кукурузы ранних поколений (S2–S3). В качестве тестера (материнская форма) использовали белозерную тетраплоидную линию, созданную акад. В. К. Шумным (Институт цитологии и генетики СО РАН). Семенной материл размножали в степной зоне Северокавказского федерального округа. Биохимический состав зерна кукурузы определяли на ИК-анализаторе SupNir 2750 (Китай). Статистическую обработку данных выполнили с использованием программного обеспечения Statistica 10.0 от StatSoft Russia (2023).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Создана коллекция из 61 линии S6-поколения инбридинга с повышенными питательными свойствами и улучшенными морфометрическими признаками. Получены 18 инбредных линий с белым зерном и белым стержнем початка, с повышенной белизной муки и крупы. Выделены 25 линий с повышенным содержанием белка (15–16%), 16 высокомасличных линий (4,5–5,0%) и 17 линий с высоким содержанием крахмала (73–74%), 2 линии с высокой специфической комбинационной способностью на тестер Шумного. Аминокислотный состав зеина в зерновке у тест-кроссов F1 не выявил выдающихся гибридов, имеющих хозяйственную ценность по накоплению в зеине незаменимых аминокислот. Средняя урожайность 18 комбинаций составила 5,08 ± 0,43 т/га при варьировании признака Сv = 34,86%, НСР05 = 0,26 т/га. Установлено, что тестер В. К. Шумного в гибридных комбинациях способствует полеганию растений и его дальнейшее использование нецелесообразно.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Образцы тетраплоидной белозерной кукурузы характеризуются рядом хозяйственных признаков, имеющих ценность для гибридной селекции.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. The global white maize market is expected to double by 2050, despite its low yield. This popularity is driven by increased demand for gluten-free products and the development of new food technologies for maize grain and flour. Breeding high-yielding white maize hybrids with improved nutritional properties is essential.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The material of the study was 238 accessions of tetraploid white maize of early inbreeding (S2–S3). The tetraploid white-grained line developed by Acad. V. K. Shumny (Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS) was used as a tester (maternal form). Seed material was reproduced in the steppe zone of the North Caucasian Federal District. The biochemical composition of maize grain was assessed on an IR analyzer SupNir 2750 (China). Statistical data processing was performed using the Statistica 10.0 software from StatSoft Russia (2023).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. A collection was made of 61 S6 inbred lines with enhanced nutritional properties and improved morphometric traits. Eighteen inbred lines with white grain and white cobs, with increased flour and groat whiteness, were obtained. Twenty-five high-protein lines (15–16%), 16 high-oil lines (4.5–5.0%), 17 high-starch lines (73–74%), and 2 lines with high specific combining ability with Shumny’s tester were selected. The amino acid composition of zein in the caryopses of F1 test crosses did not reveal outstanding hybrids with such economic value as the accumulation of essential amino acids in zein. The average yield of 18 combinations was 5.08 ± 0.43 t/ha with the trait variation Cv = 34.86%, LSD05 = 0.26 t/ha. It was established that Shumny’s tester in hybrid combinations enhanced plant lodging, so its further use is inappropriate</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The collection of tetraploid white maize manifested a number of agronomic traits valuable for hybrid breeding.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гибрид кукурузы</kwd><kwd>белая кукурузная мука</kwd><kwd>диплоид</kwd><kwd>тетраплоид</kwd><kwd>зеин</kwd><kwd>глютен</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>maize hybrid</kwd><kwd>white maize flour</kwd><kwd>diploid</kwd><kwd>tetraploid</kwd><kwd>zein</kwd><kwd>gluten</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания согласно тематическому плану ВИР по проекту № FGEM-2022-0009 «Структурирование и раскрытие потенциала наследственной изменчивости мировой коллекции зерновых и крупяных культур ВИР для развития оптимизированного генбанка и рационального использования в селекции и растениеводстве».</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The work was carried out within the framework of the state task according to VIR’s theme plan of under Project No. FGEM-2022-0009 “Structuring and disclosing the potential of hereditary variation in the global collection of cereal and groat crops at VIR for the development of an optimized genebank and its sustainable utilization in plant breeding and crop production”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Byerlee D., Heisey P.W. 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