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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vir-nw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Труды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2227-8834</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0982</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30901/2227-8834-2025-2-204-217</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vir-nw-2349</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИММУНИТЕТ КУЛЬТУРНЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ И ИХ ДИКИХ РОДИЧЕЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>IMMUNITY OF CULTIVATED PLANTS AND THEIR WILD RELATIVES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Мониторинг вирулентности возбудителя желтой ржавчины пшеницы в Дагестане</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Monitoring the virulence of the wheat yellow rust pathogen in Dagestan</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7948-0307</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гультяева</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gultyaeva</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Ивановна Гультяева, доктор биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник </p><p>196608, Санкт-Петербург, Пушкин, ш. Подбельского, 3 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena I. Gultyaeva, Dr. Sci. (Biology), Leading Researcher </p><p>3 Podbelskogo Hwy., Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eigultyaeva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3266-6272</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шайдаюк</surname><given-names>Е. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shaydayuk</surname><given-names>E. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатерина Львовна Шайдаюк, кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник </p><p>196608, Санкт-Петербург, Пушкин, ш. Подбельского, 3 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina L. Shaydayuk, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Researcher </p><p>3 Podbelskogo Hwy., Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eshaydayuk@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5095-1291</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Aбдуллаев</surname><given-names>K. M.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abdullaev</surname><given-names>K. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кадыр Магомедгаджиевич Aбдуллаев, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, ведущий научный сотрудник </p><p>368612, Республика Дагестан, Дербентский район, с. Вавилово </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kadyr M. Abdullaev, Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Senior Researcher </p><p>Vavilovo Village, Derbentsky District 368612, Republic of Dagestan </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">abdullaev.km1950@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3573-057X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Айдемирова</surname><given-names>З. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aydemirova</surname><given-names>Z. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Замира Сейдуллаевна Айдемирова, аспирант </p><p>368612, Республика Дагестан, Дербентский район, с. Вавилово </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zamira S. Aydemirova, Postgraduate Student </p><p>Vavilovo Village, Derbentsky District 368612, Republic of Dagestan </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zamira.aidemirova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт защиты растений</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. Вавилова, Дагестанская опытная станция – филиал ВИР</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, Dagestan Experiment Station – branch of VIR</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>186</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>204</fpage><lpage>217</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гультяева Е.И., Шайдаюк Е.Л., Aбдуллаев K.M., Айдемирова З.С., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гультяева Е.И., Шайдаюк Е.Л., Aбдуллаев K.M., Айдемирова З.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gultyaeva E.I., Shaydayuk E.L., Abdullaev K.M., Aydemirova Z.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/2349">https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/2349</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность. Желтая ржавчина – вредоносное заболевание мягкой пшеницы. В 2020-х годах она доминирует в фитопатогенном комплексе на Дагестанской опытной станции (ОС) ВИР, где изучается обширная коллекция образцов Triticum L. Анализ вирулентности и расового состава Puccinia striiformis West., формирующегося на новых и районированных генотипах пшеницы, позволяет оценить ситуацию с желтой ржавчиной в регионах их производственного возделывания. Цель работы – мониторинг вирулентности дагестанской популяции P. striiformis в 2023 г. и оценка динамики ее изменчивости.Материалы и методы. Листья с урединиопустулами P. striiformis собраны на Дагестанской ОС ВИР в 2023 г. на 30 образцах озимой мягкой пшеницы современной российской селекции. Набор тестеров вирулентности включал 14 почти изогенных линий сорта ‘Avocet’ (AvNILs) и 15 сортов-дифференциаторов из европейского и международного наборов. Анализ вирулентности проводили на 10–14-дневных проростках (фаза второго листа) по оригинальной методике. На коллекционном посеве Дагестанской ОС ВИР оценили устойчивость дифференциаторов в условиях высокого естественного фона заболевания в 2023 г.Результаты и заключение. Высокой эффективностью в фазе проростков и взрослых растений характеризуются гены Yr5, Yr10, Yr15, Yr24 и Yr26, которые рекомендуются для селекции на устойчивость к желтой ржавчине. 23 фенотипа (расы) определены в 2023 г., из них только шесть отмечены на нескольких сортах, остальные были оригинальными. Сравнительный анализ фенотипического состава в 2023 г. и в предыдущий период (2020–2022) показал высокое разнообразие и динамичность дагестанской популяции патогена. Всего в 2020–2023 гг. изучено 139 изолятов и выделено 54 фенотипа (расы). Общая раса для четырех лет исследования не выявлена. Показано, что дагестанская популяция Р. striiformis характеризуется значимой временной вариабельностью. Популяция в 2023 г. существенно отличалась от популяций 2020–2022 гг., что обуславливает необходимость проведения ежегодного мониторинга.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. Yellow rust is a harmful disease of wheat. In the 2020s, it has dominated in the phytopathogenic complex at Dagestan Experiment Station of VIR, where an extensive collection of Triticum L. accessions is studied. An analysis of the virulence and racial composition of Puccinia striiformis West. forming on new and commercial wheat genotypes makes it possible to assess the situation with yellow rust in the regions of their cultivation. The objective was to monitor the virulence of the Dagestan population of P. striiformis in 2023 and assess the dynamics of its variability.Materials and methods. Leaves with urediniopustules of P. striiformis were collected at Dagestan Experiment Station of VIR in 2023 on 30 accessions of modern domestic winter bread wheat cultivars. The differential set included 14 nearly isogenic lines of cv. ‘Avocet’ (AvNILs) and 15 cultivars from the European and international sets. Virulence was analyzed on 10–14-day-old seedlings (second leaf phase) according to the previously described techniques. The resistance of differentiators in the phase of adult plants under high natural disease pressure was assessed.Results and conclusion. The genes Yr5, Yr10, Yr15, Yr24, and Yr26 exhibited high efficiency in the seedling and adult plant phases and are recommended for yellow rust resistance breeding. Twenty-three phenotypes (races) were identified in 2023, and only six of them were observed on two or more cultivars. Comparing the phenotypic composition in 2023 with the previous period revealed high diversity and dynamism of the Dagestan population. A total of 139 isolates were studied in 2020‒2023, and 54 phenotypes (races) were isolated. No race common for all four years of the study was identified. The Dagestan population of P. striiformis demonstrated significant temporal variability. The population in 2023 significantly differed from those in 2020–2022. This necessitates annual monitoring of the pathogen.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Triticum aestivum</kwd><kwd>Puccinia striiformis</kwd><kwd>гены Yr</kwd><kwd>популяция</kwd><kwd>устойчивость</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Triticum aestivum</kwd><kwd>Puccinia striiformis</kwd><kwd>Yr genes</kwd><kwd>population</kwd><kwd>resistance</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">все фитопатологические исследования выполнены при поддержке Российского научного фонда, проект № 19-76-30005. Урединиообразцы &lt;i&gt;P. striiformis&lt;/i&gt;  собраны с образцов пшеницы, изучаемых в Дербенте, в рамках государственного задания ВИР согласно тематическому плану по проекту № FGEM-2022-0009 «Структурирование и раскрытие потенциала наследственной изменчивости мировой коллекции зерновых и крупяных культур ВИР для развития оптимизированного генбанка и рационального использования в селекции и растениеводстве». Авторы благодарят рецензентов за их вклад в экспертную оценку этой работы.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">all phytopathology and molecular genetics studies of the pathogen were supported by the Russian Science Foundation, Project No. 19-76-30005. Samples of &lt;i&gt;P. striiformis&lt;/i&gt; urediniospores were collected from wheat accessions studied in Derbent within the framework of the state task assigned to VIR, Project No. FGEM-2022-0009 “Structuring and disclosing the potential of hereditary variation in the global collection of cereal and groat crops at VIR for the development of an optimized genebank and its sustainable utilization in plant breeding and crop production”. The authors thank the reviewers for their contribution to the peer review of this work.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bouvet L., Holdgate S., James L., Thomas J., Mackay I.J., Cockram J. The evolving battle between yellow rust and wheat: implications for global food security. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 2022;135(3):741-753. 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