vir-nwТруды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекцииProceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding2227-88342619-0982N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources10.30901/2227-8834-2026-2-o6vir-nw-2326Research ArticleОБЗОРЫSURVEYSГенетико-методологические аспекты изучения морозоустойчивости озимой пшеницыGenetic and methodological aspects of studying frost resistance in winter wheathttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0637-6899ФедяеваА. В.FedyaevaA. V.

Анна Валерьевна Федяева, кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник

630090 Россия, Новосибирск, пр. Академика Лаврентьева, 10

Anna V. Fedyaeva, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Researcher

10 Akademika Lavrentyeva Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia

fedyaeva.anna@mail.ruФедеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation2026060720261872243252Copyright © Федяева А.В., 20262026Федяева А.В.Fedyaeva A.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/2326

Пшеница – одна из важнейших зерновых культур, эффективность производства которой имеет большое значение для продовольственной безопасности. Научные исследования последних лет привели к созданию новых, устойчивых к воздействию абиотических факторов среды сортов пшеницы. Использование таких сортов в сочетании с применением современных технологий возделывания этой культуры способствует значительному повышению ее урожайности. Данный обзор посвящен в основном исследованиям последних двадцати лет в области генетики и физиологии, которые направлены на изучение морозоустойчивости озимой пшеницы. В работе представлены сведения об основных механизмах передачи сигнала на холодовое воздействие, активации экспрессии ключевых генов/QTLs, участвующих в развитии морозоустойчивости у озимой пшеницы. Так, в отдельном разделе рассмотрены работы, которые посвящены наиболее изученному на настоящий момент сигнальному пути холодовой акклиматизации, а именно сигнальному пути ICE1–CBF–COR. Приведены главные методы оценки растений озимой пшеницы по уровню морозоустойчивости, которые могут быть применены как для полевых, так и для лабораторных исследований. Оценено применение полногеномного поиска ассоциаций (GWAS) как подхода для анализа морозоустойчивости. Рассмотрена роль отдельных генов и QTLs в развитии холодо- и морозоустойчивости, а также методы их оценки.

Wheat is a major cereal crop, and its efficient production is crucial for food security. Recent scientific research has led to the development of new wheat cultivars, more resistant to abiotic factors. Exploiting such cultivars together with modern technologies contributes to a significant increase in wheat yield. This review is dedicated to studies in the field of genetics and physiology, conducted over the past twenty years and aimed at studying frost resistance in winter wheat. It presents the latest information on the main mechanisms of signal transmission in plants under cold exposure, and the activation of key genes/QTLs involved in the development of frost resistance in winter wheat. One of the sections highlights the studies focusing on the most studied cold acclimation signaling pathway to date, namely the ICE1–CBF-COR signaling pathway. The main methods for assessing winter wheat plants according to their frost resistance are presented; they can be applied for both field and laboratory tests. The genome-wide association studies (GWAS) as an approach to analyzing frost resistance in winter wheat are evaluated. The role of individual genes and QTLs in the development of the crop’s frost resistance is considered, and methods of assessing this tolerance are discussed.

Triticum aestivum L.экспрессия геновсигнальный путь ICE–CBF–CORметоды оценкиGWASTriticum aestivum L.gene expressionICE–CBF–COR signaling pathwayevaluation methodsGWASисследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 25-24-00117 «Генетические детерминанты морозоустойчивости мягкой озимой пшеницы в условиях Западной Сибири» (https://rscf.ru/project/25-24-00117/). Автор выражает благодарность ведущему научному сотруднику лаборатории молекулярной генетики и цитогенетики растений ИЦиГ СО РАН, д-ру биол. наук А. Б. Щербаню за помощь и ценные советы при написании данного обзора.this work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, Project No. 25-24-00117 “The genetic determinants of frost resistance soft winter wheat in Western Siberia” (https://rscf.ru/project/25-24-00117/). The author is grateful to Dr. A. B. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.