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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vir-nw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Труды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2227-8834</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0982</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30901/2227-8834-2025-4-50-62</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vir-nw-2285</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИЗУЧЕНИЕ И ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИХ РЕСУРСОВ РАСТЕНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>STUDYING AND UTILIZATION OF PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Динамика изменчивости морфологических признаков у беккроссов отдаленных гибридов кукурузы (Zea mays L.) с теосинте (Zea mexicana (Schrad.) Kuntze)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Variability dynamics of morphological characters in backcrosses of distant hybrids between maize (Zea mays L.) and teosinte (Zea mexicana (Schrad.) Kuntze)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3659-1523</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куцев</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kutsev</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Денис Сергеевич Куцев, научный сотрудник, ВИР</p><p>190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Б. Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis S. Kutsev, Researcher,  VIR</p><p>42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kathakam@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5713-2328</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хатефов</surname><given-names>Э. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khatefov</surname><given-names>E. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Эдуард Балилович Хатефов, доктор биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, ВИР</p><p>190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Б. Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Eduard B. Khatefov, Dr. Sci. (Biology), Leading Researcher,  VIR</p><p>42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">haed1967@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. Вавилова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>186</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>50</fpage><lpage>62</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Куцев Д.С., Хатефов Э.Б., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Куцев Д.С., Хатефов Э.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kutsev D.S., Khatefov E.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/2285">https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/2285</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Селекция кукурузы с вовлечением диких родичей способствует расширению ее генетического полиморфизма. При этом вместе с полезными и хозяйственно ценными признаками кукуруза получает от диких родичей и неблагоприятные для селекции признаки. В процессе селекционного отбора в расщепляющемся потомстве отдаленных гибридов кукурузы необходима тщательная оценка хозяйственно ценных и удаление нежелательных и вредных признаков.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Исследования проведены в степной зоне Северо-Кавказского федерального округа (г. Прохладный) в 2019–2024 гг. Использованы 150 образцов популяции ВС1 и ВС5, полученной на основе гибридизации линий 633МВ и Р346закМ кукурузы с теосинте (Zea mexicana (Schrad.) Kuntze) из коллекции ВИР. Стимулирование цветения и гибридизация теосинте с кукурузой проведены при коротком дне (10 часов) с использованием фотоизоляторов в течение 35–40 дней и последующим переходом на длинный день (16 часов).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Прослежена динамика изменчивости 9 хозяйственно ценных признаков растения и початка кукурузы в расщепляющейся популяции ВС1 и ВС5. Установлено, что увеличение доли генома кукурузы в беккроссах приводит в большей степени к улучшению структуры початка и в меньшей степени – структуры и архитектоники растения. В потомстве ВС1 выделены образцы с выраженной кустистостью, ветвистостью и высокой облиственностью, опушенностью стебля, длинной ножкой початка и обильным формированием примитивных початков с 2–4 рядами зерен по 6–8 зерен в ряду и асинхронным цветением. В потомстве ВС5 растения характеризуются меньшей кустистостью и облиственностью, более короткой ножкой початка, чем у ВС1, и склонностью к формированию от 2 до 3 початков с синхронным цветением. Початки характеризуются 14–16 рядами зерен и 28–35 зернами в ряду.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Результаты исследований подтверждают передачу от теосинте таких ценных признаков, как многопочатковость, опушенность стебля (трихомы), повышенная лигнизация стебля, устойчивость к загущенному посеву.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Maize breeding involving the crop’s wild relatives contributes to the broadening of its genetic polymorphism. However, in addition to useful agronomic traits, maize also receives from its wild relatives features unfavorable for breeding. The process of selection in a splitting progeny of distant maize hybrids requires thorough assessment of agronomic characters and removal of undesirable or harmful traits.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The studies were conducted in the steppe zone of the North Caucasus Federal District (town of Prokhladny) in 2020–2024. The work involved 150 samples of the BC1 and BC5 populations obtained by hybridizing the 633MV and P346zakM maize lines with Zea mexicana (Schrad.) Kuntze from the VIR collection. Stimulation of flowering and hybridization of teosinte with maize were conducted with a short 10-hour day, using photoinsulators for 35–40 days, followed by a transition to a longer day (16 hours).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The dynamics of variability was monitored for 9 important agronomic characters of the maize plant and ear in the segregating populations BC1 and BC5. An increase in the share of the maize genome in backcrosses was found to induce improvement in the ear structure more than in the structure and architectonics of the plant. Samples were identified in the BC1 progeny that had pronounced bushiness and branching, high leafiness and stem pubescence, a long ear stalk, and abundant formation of primitive ears with 2–4 rows of grains and 6–8 grains in a row with asynchronous flowering. Plants in the BC5 progeny exhibited less bushiness and leafiness, an ear stalk shorter than in BC1, and a tendency to form 2 to 3 ears with synchronous flowering. Their ears consisted of 14–16 rows of grains, having 28–35 grains in a row.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The results of the studies confirm the transfer of valuable agronomic traits from teosinte, such as prolificacy, stem pubescence (trichomes), increased stem lignification, and resistance to dense sowing.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>отдаленная гибридизация</kwd><kwd>хозяйственно ценные признаки</kwd><kwd>беккроссы</kwd><kwd>инцухт</kwd><kwd>многопочатковость</kwd><kwd>устойчивость к загущенному посеву</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>distant hybridization</kwd><kwd>useful agronomic traits</kwd><kwd>backcrosses</kwd><kwd>inbreeding</kwd><kwd>prolificacy</kwd><kwd>resistance to dense sowing</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследования выполнены в рамках государственного задания ВИР согласно тематическому плану НИР по темам № FGEM-2022-0012 «Клеточные технологии для расширения селекционного потенциала культур овощного направления использования» и № FGEM-2022-0009 «Структурирование и раскрытие потенциала наследственной изменчивости мировой коллекции зерновых и крупяных культур ВИР для развития оптимизированного генбанка и рационального использования в селекции и растениеводстве».  Авторы благодарят рецензентов за их вклад в экспертную оценку этой работы.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was carried out within the framework of the state task assigned to VIR in accordance with the thematic plan of research for Projects No. FGEM-2022-0012 “Cell technologies to expand the breeding potential of crops for vegetable use”, and No. FGEM-2022-0009 “Structuring and disclosing the potential of hereditary variation in the global collection of cereal and groat crops at VIR for the development of an optimized genebank and its sustainable utilization in plant breeding and crop production”.  The authors thank the reviewers for their contribution to the peer review of this work.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Buckler E., Holtsford T.P. Zea systematics: Ribosomal ITS evidence. 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