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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vir-nw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Труды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2227-8834</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0982</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30901/2227-8834-2025-1-158-169</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vir-nw-2259</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА КУЛЬТУРНЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ И ИХ ДИКИХ РОДИЧЕЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GENETICS OF CULTIVATED PLANTS AND THEIR WILD RELATIVES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка сроков распускания почек у сортов и селекционных форм ореха грецкого из генофонда Краснодарского края и валидация SSR-маркеров QTL данного признака</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Evaluation of the budbreak timing in walnut cultivars and breeding forms among the Kuban germplasm, and validation of the trait-related SSR-markers</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0355-8395</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Супрун</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Suprun</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иван Иванович Супрун, кандидат биологических наук, заведующий функциональным научным центром</p><p>350901, Краснодар, ул. 40 лет Победы, 39</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan I. Suprun, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Head of a Functional Scientific Center</p><p>39 40 let Pobedy St., Krasnodar 350901</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">supruni@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0855-1176</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аль-Накиб</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Al-Nakib</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатерина Аделевна Аль-Накиб, младший научный сотрудник</p><p>350901, Краснодар, ул. 40 лет Победы, 39</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina A. Al-Nakib, Associate Researcher</p><p>39 40 let Pobedy St., Krasnodar 350901</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ealnakib@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6251-300X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанов</surname><given-names>И. B.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Илья Владимирович Степанов, младший научный сотрудник</p><p>350901, Краснодар, ул. 40 лет Победы, 39</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilya V. Stepanov, Associate Researcher</p><p>39 40 let Pobedy St., Krasnodar 350901</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivstepanof@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3580-2316</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лободина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lobodina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Вадимовна Лободина, научный сотрудник</p><p>350901, Краснодар, ул. 40 лет Победы, 39</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Lobodina, Researcher</p><p>39 40 let Pobedy St., Krasnodar 350901</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alyona2255@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3919-8168</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щеглов</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shcheglov</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Николаевич Щеглов, доктор биологических наук, профессор, доцент</p><p>350040, Краснодар, ул. Ставропольская, 149</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey N. Shcheglov, Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor, Associate Professor</p><p>149 Stavropolskaya St., Krasnodar 350040</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gold_finch@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Кавказский федеральный научный центр садоводства, виноградарства, виноделия</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кубанский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kuban State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>186</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>158</fpage><lpage>169</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Супрун И.И., Аль-Накиб Е.А., Степанов И.B., Лободина Е.В., Щеглов С.Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Супрун И.И., Аль-Накиб Е.А., Степанов И.B., Лободина Е.В., Щеглов С.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Suprun I.I., Al-Nakib E.A., Stepanov I.V., Lobodina E.V., Shcheglov S.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/2259">https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/2259</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Орех грецкий (Juglans regia L.) – самый распространенный вид рода Juglans L. Поздневесенние заморозки могут значительно снизить урожайность сортов. Создание сортов, вступающих в вегетацию позднее, позволяет избежать гибели молодых почек. Ранее были выявлены SSR-маркеры JRHR209732 и CUJRBO12, сцепленные с QTL признака «срок распускания почек». Целью нашей работы являлась оценка сроков наступления фенологической фазы «распускание почек» у сортов отечественной селекции и элитных форм генофонда Северо-Кавказского федерального научного центра садоводства, виноградарства, виноделия (СКФНЦСВВ), а также апробация и валидация маркеров JRHR209732 и CUJRB012, сцепленных с локусом, контролирующим данный признак, на образцах с относительно небольшой разницей в сроках распускания почек.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Объекты исследования – 32 элитные формы из генофонда СКФНЦСВВ и три сорта отечественной селекции, а также два сорта зарубежной селекции. Фенологическая оценка сроков распускания почек осуществлялась в течение трех лет (2022–2024). Генотипирование образцов проводили с помощью SSR-маркеров JRHR209732 и CUJRBO12. Анализ размеров ПЦР-продуктов аллелей целевых маркеров выполняли на генетическом анализаторе «НАНОФОР 05».</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. По результатам фенологической оценки выявлены образцы, вступающие в вегетацию наиболее поздно по трем годам наблюдений, – 17-5-5, ‘Овен’. Восемь образцов отнесены к группе поздних в двух сезонах наблюдений – они также представляют ценность для селекции. Доказано, что в 2023 и 2024 г. распускание почек наступало раньше, чем в 2022 г. Влияние среднемесячной температуры марта играет решающую роль во вступлении в фазу начала распускания почек. Сопоставление данных по SSR-генотипированию и результатов фенологической оценки позволило достоверно установить аллельные варианты маркеров JRHR20973 и CUJRBO12, характерные для образцов с ранним и поздним сроком распускания почек у образцов, представляющих генофонд юга России.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is the most widespread species within the genus Juglans. Late spring frosts can significantly reduce its yield. Development of cultivars that enter the growing season later helps to avoid the death of young buds. Earlier, during genetic studies, the SSR markers JRHR209732 and CUJRBO12 linked to the QTL of the “bud bursting time” character were identified. The objective of this study was to assess the budbreak timing in domestic cultivars and elite forms from the Krasnodar gene pool, as well as to test and validate the markers JRHR209732 and CUJRB012 linked to the locus controlling late bud bursting in walnut genotypes with relatively small differences in budbreak timing.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The material of the study included 32 elite breeding forms from the local gene pool, 3 domestic cultivars, and 2 cultivars of foreign origin. Phenological assessment of the budbreak time was carried out for three years (2022–2024). Genotyping of 35 accessions was performed using the SSR markers JRHR209732 and CUJRBO12. The sizes of PCR products of target marker alleles were assessed on a NANOPHOR 05 genetic analyzer.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Phenological assessment helped to identify accessions 17-5-5 and ‘Oven’ with the latest start of the growing season in three years of observations. Eight genotypes were classified as late in two seasons – they are also valuable for breeding. In 2023 and 2024, the budbreak was observed to occur earlier than in 2022. The effect of the mean monthly temperature in March played a decisive role in entering the phase when the budbreak started. Comparison of the SSR genotyping data with the results of the phenological assessment made it possible to reliably validate the allelic variants of the JRHR20973 and CUJRBO12 markers, characteristic of the accessions with early and late budbreaks among the walnut gene pool maintained in southern Russia.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Juglans regia</kwd><kwd>селекция</kwd><kwd>фенология</kwd><kwd>маркеры ДНК</kwd><kwd>генетическое разнообразие</kwd><kwd>позднее распускание почек</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Juglans regia</kwd><kwd>breeding</kwd><kwd>phenology</kwd><kwd>DNA markers</kwd><kwd>genetic diversity</kwd><kwd>late bud bursting</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет средств гранта Российского научного фонда и Кубанского научного фонда № 22-16-20061, (https://rscf.ru/project/22-16-20061/)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was funded from a grant of the Russian Science Foundation and the Kuban Science Foundation (No. 22-16-20061, https: //rscf.ru/project/22-16-20061/).  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