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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vir-nw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Труды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2227-8834</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0982</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30901/2227-8834-2025-1-131-138</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vir-nw-2256</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА КУЛЬТУРНЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ И ИХ ДИКИХ РОДИЧЕЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GENETICS OF CULTIVATED PLANTS AND THEIR WILD RELATIVES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Завязи с разным уровнем гетерозиготности генотипов имеют равные шансы достичь зрелости на растении гречихи: является ли это основным условием для начала эволюции самоопыления?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ovaries with different heterozygosity levels of their genotypes have equal chances to reach maturity on a buckwheat plant: Is it the main condition for the start of the evolution toward selfing?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7658-3471</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фесенко</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fesenko</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Николаевич Фесенко, доктор биологических наук, заведующий лабораторией</p><p>302502, Орел, пос. Стрелецкий, ул. Молодежная, 10, корп. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> </p><p>Aleksey N. Fesenko, Dr. Sci. (Biology), Head of a Laboratory</p><p>10, bldg. 1, Molodezhnaya St., Streletsky Settlem., Orel 302502</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fesenko.a.n@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3612-422X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фесенко</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fesenko</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иван Николаевич Фесенко, доктор биологических наук, главный научный сотрудник</p><p>302502, Орел, пос. Стрелецкий, ул. Молодежная, 10, корп. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan N. Fesenko, Dr. Sci. (Biology), Chief Researcher</p><p>10, bldg. 1, Molodezhnaya St., Streletsky Settlem., Orel 302502</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivanfesenko@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный научный центр зернобобовых и крупяных культур</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Center of Legumes and Groat Crops</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>186</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>131</fpage><lpage>138</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Фесенко А.Н., Фесенко И.Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фесенко А.Н., Фесенко И.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Fesenko A.N., Fesenko I.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/2256">https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/2256</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Эволюция от перекрестного опыления к самоопылению – известное явление у растений. Основным фактором, препятствующим развитию самоопыления, является инбредная депрессия (ИД), и работы об эволюции системы размножения у растений посвящены главным образом этой проблеме. Для описания ИД можно использовать два критерия: 1) силу, то есть уровень снижения величины того или иного показателя по сравнению с аутбредным контролем, и 2) стадию развития, на которой она проявляется. Вероятно, сила и характер проявления ИД в начале и конце жизненного цикла растения могут по-разному влиять на вероятность эволюции в сторону самоопыления.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Гомостильные линии гречихи (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench с примерно 3% зародышевой плазмы самоопылителя F. homotropicum Ohnishi) с детерминантным типом роста (мутация det) разных инбредных поколений (I1 – I6) выращивали смежно с растениями гетеростильного сорта ‘Молва’ с индетерминантным типом роста, и долю семян, полученных в результате перекрестного опыления, оценивали для каждого варианта с помощью рецессивного маркера det (генотипы семян определяли по фенотипам полученных растений).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и заключение</title><p>Результаты и заключение. Доли семян, возникших в результате перекрестного опыления, были близки в разных поколениях инбридинга с небольшими стохастическими вариациями. Таким образом, завязи, возникшие в результате самоопыления и перекрестного опыления, имеют равные шансы достичь зрелости на одном и том же растении, несмотря на различия по уровню гетерозиготности. Это выглядит как фундаментальное условие начала эволюции самоопыления. Уровни ИД на других стадиях развития, по-видимому, менее важны для возможности такой эволюции. Так, ИД по вегетативному развитию и семенной продуктивности в анализируемом материале превышала 0,5. Вероятно, это отражает уровень инбредной депрессии, характерный для общего предка F. esculentum и F. homotropicum. Таким образом, исходно сильная ИД не сделала невозможным возникновение самоопылителя F. homotropicum.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Inbreeding depression (ID) usually reduces the competitive ability of an individual compared to one of outbred origin. Such competition could be especially clear between different ovaries developing on the same plant. It can be assumed that ovaries with higher level of heterozygosity will have an advantage in competition for resources.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. Homostylous buckwheat lines (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench with approx. 3% of closely related selfer F. homotropicum Ohnishi germplasm) of different inbred generations (I1 – I6 ) were grown adjacent to the heterostylous cv. ‘Molva’, and the share of seeds resulting from cross-pollination was assessed for each variant using the recessive marker det (genotypes of the seeds were visualized according to phenotypes of the resulting plants).</p></sec><sec><title>Results and conclusions</title><p>Results and conclusions. The proportions of seeds originated from cross-pollination were similar across the inbreeding generations, with small stochastic variations. Thus, the ovaries resulting from both selfand cross-pollination have equal chances to reach maturity on the same plant. It looks like a fundamental condition for the start of the evolution toward self-pollination. The levels of ID at other developmental stages, apparently, are less crucial for the possibility of such evolution. For example, the ID in the analyzed material was strong (&gt; 0.5 for both vegetative development and seed productivity). It highly likely reflects the level of ID of the common ancestor of F. esculentum and F. homotropicum. However, the strong ID did not make impossible the speciation of the self-pollinator F. homotropicum.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инбредная депрессия</kwd><kwd>стадия развития</kwd><kwd>самоопыление</kwd><kwd>перекрестное опыление</kwd><kwd>гречиха</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>inbreeding depression</kwd><kwd>developmental stage</kwd><kwd>self-pollination</kwd><kwd>outcrossing</kwd><kwd>buckwheat</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования в рамках государственного задания Федерального научного центра зернобобовых и крупяных культур по теме № FGZZ-2022-0006 «Управление селекционным процессом создания новых сортов и генотипов зерновых, зернобобовых и крупяных культур с высокоценными признаками продуктивности, качества, повышенной устойчивостью к био- и абиострессорам». Авторы благодарят рецензентов за их вклад в экспертную оценку этой работы.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education within the framework of the state task assigned to the Federal Scientific Center of Legumes and Groat Crops, Section No. FGZZ-2022-0006 “Handling of the breeding process for the development of new cultivars and genotypes of cereal, legume and groat crops with highly valuable traits of productivity, quality, and increased resistance to bio- and abiostressors”. The authors thank the reviewers for their contribution to the peer review of this work.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baker H.G. Self-compatibility and establishment after “long distance” dispersal. Evolution. 1955;9(3):347-349. 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