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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vir-nw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Труды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2227-8834</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0982</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30901/2227-8834-2025-4-40-49</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vir-nw-2212</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИЗУЧЕНИЕ И ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИХ РЕСУРСОВ РАСТЕНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>STUDYING AND UTILIZATION OF PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка морозоустойчивости новых сортов и селекционных форм абрикоса селекции Никитского ботанического сада</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Assessment of frost resistance in new cultivars and breeding forms of apricot developed at the Nikita Botanical Gardens</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0979-4631</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корзин</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korzin</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вадим Валерьевич Корзин, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, старший научный сотрудник</p><p>298648 Россия, Республика Крым, Ялта, Никита, Никитский спуск, 52</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vadim V. Korzin, Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Senior Researcher</p><p>52 Nikitsky Spusk, Nikita, Yalta 298648, Republic of Crimea, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">korzinv@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1279-8959</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горина</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorina</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Валентина Милентьевна Горина, доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>298648 Россия, Республика Крым, Ялта, Никита, Никитский спуск, 52</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valentina M. Gorina, Dr. Sci. (Agriculture), Leading Researcher</p><p>52 Nikitsky Spusk, Nikita, Yalta 298648, Republic of Crimea, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">valgorina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1575-6639</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саплев</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Saplev</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Никита Максимович Саплев, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, научный сотрудник</p><p>298648 Россия, Республика Крым, Ялта, Никита, Никитский спуск, 52</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikita M. Saplev, Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Researcher</p><p>52 Nikitsky Spusk, Nikita, Yalta 298648, Republic of Crimea, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">saplev.upk@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Никитский ботанический сад – Национальный научный центр Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Nikita Botanical Gardens – National Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>186</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>40</fpage><lpage>49</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Корзин В.В., Горина В.М., Саплев Н.М., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Корзин В.В., Горина В.М., Саплев Н.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Korzin V.V., Gorina V.M., Saplev N.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/2212">https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/2212</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Культура абрикоса имеет очень короткий период зимнего покоя, а по быстроте весеннего развития цветковых почек лидирует среди косточковых плодовых культур. В зонах южного плодоводства в январе – феврале часто наблюдаются потепления, что способствует выходу растений из состояния глубокого покоя и началу их вегетации. Цветковые почки и цветы абрикоса в зимне-весенний период гибнут при незначительных последующих похолоданиях, что часто является основным лимитирующим фактором при его промышленном возделывании.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Материалом служили 53 генотипа абрикоса селекции Никитского ботанического сада, произрастающих на Южном берегу Крыма (г. Ялта). Контроль – районированный и широко распространенный сорт ‘Крымский Амур’. Использовали метод искусственного промораживания веток с цветковыми почками в климатической камере марки Memmert CTC-256 (Германия) при различных температурных режимах. Каждое промораживание считали как один вариант опыта. Затем выявляли количество погибших цветковых почек, выраженное в процентах.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Определено влияние зимних морозов и возвратных весенних заморозков на 53 перспективных сорта и селекционные формы абрикоса. Установлена степень их морозоустойчивости при различных температурных режимах и с учетом их морфогенеза. Анализ статистической обработки данных результатов промораживания показал, что семь из изучаемых 53 сортов и селекционных форм абрикоса по показателям морозоустойчивости достоверно превышали по этому признаку контрольный сорт ‘Крымский Амур’.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Отобрано два сорта с медленными темпами развития генеративной сферы и повышенной морозоустойчивостью. Эти генотипы могут быть использованы с учетом других характеристик (урожайность, качество плодов, устойчивость к болезням, засухе и т. п.) для селекции на морозоустойчивость и промышленного внедрения.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. The apricot crop has a very short period of winter dormancy, and in terms of the speed of springtime development of generative buds, it is the leader among stone fruit crops. In the southern fruit-growing zones, warming is often observed in January – February, which helps the plant to emerge from deep dormancy and start vegetating. Apricot flower buds and flowers perish in the winter-spring period with minor subsequent cold snaps, which is often the main limiting factor in industrial cultivation.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The material consisted of 53 apricot genotypes developed by breeders at the Nikita Botanical Gardens, growing on the southern coast of Crimea (Yalta). The control was the zoned and widespread cultivar ‘Krymsky Amur’. Artificial freezing of branches was performed in a Memmert CTC-256 climate chamber (Germany) under different temperature conditions. Each freezing was considered one variant of the experiment. Then, the percentage of dead buds was calculated.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The effect of winter frosts and recurrent spring frosts on 53 promising cultivars and breeding forms of apricot was assessed. The degree of their frost resistance was established under various temperature conditions and taking into account their morphogenesis. The analysis of the statistical processing of the freezing results showed that seven of the studied 53 apricot genotypes significantly exceeded the control cultivar ‘Krymsky Amur’ in terms of frost resistance.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Two cultivars with increased frost resistance and slow development rates of their generative system were selected. Taking into account their other characteristics (yield, fruit quality, resistance to diseases, drought, etc.), these genotypes can be used in breeding for frost resistance, and may be introduced into commercial production.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Prunus armeniaca L.</kwd><kwd>устойчивость к морозам</kwd><kwd>сорта</kwd><kwd>селекционные формы</kwd><kwd>селекция</kwd><kwd>цветковые почки</kwd><kwd>искусственное промораживание</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Prunus armeniaca L.</kwd><kwd>resistance to frosts</kwd><kwd>cultivars</kwd><kwd>breeding forms</kwd><kwd>breeding</kwd><kwd>generative buds</kwd><kwd>artificial freezing</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках государственного задания FNNS-2025-0005 «Интродукция и изучение генофонда южных плодовых, орехоплодных и ягодных культур по хозяйственно ценным признакам, повышение эффективности селекционно-генетических исследований и выведение новых сортов для промышленного садоводства».  Авторы благодарят рецензентов за их вклад в экспертную оценку этой работы.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out within the framework of the state task, FNNS-2025-0005 “Introduction and studying of the gene pools of southern fruit, nut and berry crops according to valuable agronomic traits, increasing the efficiency of breeding and genetic research, and development of new cultivars for industrial horticulture.”  The authors thank the reviewers for their contribution to the peer review of this work.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Demirtas M.N., Atay S., Gokalp K., Yilmaz K.U., Paydaş Kargi S., Ercisli S. et al. Improvement of late blooming drying apricot varieties by crossbreeding. Acta Horticulturae. 2010;862:219-224. 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