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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vir-nw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Труды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2227-8834</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0982</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30901/2227-8834-2025-4-98-109</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vir-nw-2141</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КОЛЛЕКЦИИ МИРОВЫХ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИХ РЕСУРСОВ КУЛЬТУРНЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ ДЛЯ РАЗВИТИЯ ПРИОРИТЕТНЫХ НАПРАВЛЕНИЙ СЕЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>COLLECTIONS OF THE WORLD’S CROP GENETIC RESOURCES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PRIORITY PLANT BREEDING TRENDS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Разработка протоколов для введения зрелых семян риса (Oryza sativa L. subsp. indica и subsp. japonica) в асептические условия и получения каллусной культуры</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Development of protocols for introducing mature seeds of rice (Oryza sativa L. subsp. indica and subsp. japonica) into aseptic conditions and obtaining callus culture</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7806-4647</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нестерова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nesterova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатерина Артемовна Нестерова, и. о. младшего научного сотрудника, ВИР</p><p>190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Б. Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina A. Nesterova, Acting Associate Researcher, VIR</p><p>42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ea.nesterova@vir.nw.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8099-1274</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поваляев</surname><given-names>А. В</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Povalyaev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Вячеславович Поваляев, студент</p><p>196084 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Черниговская, 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander V. Povalyaev, Student</p><p>5 Chernigovskaya Street, St. Petersburg 196084, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sascha.povaliaeff@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3509-4655</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Романова</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Romanova</surname><given-names>O. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Ивановна Романова, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, и. о. заведующего отдела, ВИР</p><p>190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Б. Морская, 42 ,44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga I. Romanova, Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Leading Researcher, Acting Head of a Department,  VIR</p><p>42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">o.romanova@vir.nw.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0930-3481</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горбунова</surname><given-names>К. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorbunova</surname><given-names>K. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ксения Николаевна Горбунова, специалист,  ВИР</p><p>190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Б. Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ksenia N. Gorbunova, Specialist, VIR</p><p>42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">k.gorbunova@vir.nw.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1958-5008</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Швачко</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shvachko</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталия Альбертовна Швачко, кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, и. о. заведующего лабораторией,  ВИР</p><p>190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Б. Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nataliya A. Shvachko, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Leading Researcher, Acting Head of a Laboratory, VIR</p><p> 42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">n.shvachko@vir.nw.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. Вавилова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет ветеринарной медицины</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. Вавилова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>186</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>98</fpage><lpage>109</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Нестерова Е.А., Поваляев А.В., Романова О.И., Горбунова К.Н., Швачко Н.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Нестерова Е.А., Поваляев А.В., Романова О.И., Горбунова К.Н., Швачко Н.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nesterova E.A., Povalyaev A.V., Romanova O.I., Gorbunova K.N., Shvachko N.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/2141">https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/2141</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Рис (Oryza sativa L.) считается модельным однодольным растением, что делает его одной из наиболее изученных культур. Несмотря на это, генетики, селекционеры и биотехнологи сталкиваются с трудностями, такими как ранний некроз и слабое образование каллуса у сортов и линий subsp. indica S. Kato. В то время как у сортов риса подвида japonica S. Kato отмечена высокая способность к образованию каллуса (40%), у сортов и линий подвида indica ответ на индукцию каллусообразования составил 0%.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Объектом исследования послужили 40 образцов риса из коллекции ВИР (11 образцов относятся к подвиду indica и 29 – к подвиду japonica). Проращивание семян и получение каллусной массы проводили на питательных средах Chu (N6), Gamborg B5 и MS. Для образования каллуса отбирали зрелые семена риса, очищенные от семенной оболочки, и в дальнейшем культивировали на питательных средах разного состава. Растительный материал поддерживали на светоустановках в режиме светового дня 16/8 ч при температуре 23–24°C и освещении 25 000 люкс.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Отработан протокол стерилизации семян для дальнейшего введения в асептические условия in vitro. Все 40 образцов проросли в асептической культуре. Получена каллусная культура у образцов риса subsp. indica (41% каллусообразования) и subsp. japonica (38% каллусообразования). Разработаны протоколы сред для поддержания, пролиферации клеток каллусной массы и получения регенерантов.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Разработаны и модифицированы протоколы для получения каллусной культуры из двух подвидов риса. Для образцов subsp. indica выбрана питательная среда Chu (N6) с добавлением 2 мг/л 2,4D и 0,5 г/л казеина. Наиболее подходящей средой для индукции каллусообразования образцов subsp. japonica выбрана среда ½MS с добавлением 0,2 г/л пролина, 0,4 мг/л кинетина и 0,8 мг/л 2,4D. При добавлении в питательную среду MS пролина (0,5 г/л) и гидролизата казеина (0,3 г/л) удалось инициировать начальную стадию регенерации побегов и корней.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is considered a model monocotyledonous plant, which makes it one of the most studied crops. Despite this, geneticists, breeders, and biotechnologists face difficulties such as early necrosis and poor callus formation in subsp. indica cultivars and lines. While high callus formation ability (40%) was observed in subsp. japonica cultivars, the response to callus induction was 0% in cultivars and lines of subsp. indica.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The studied material included 40 rice accessions from the VIR collection (11 accessions of subsp. indica, and 29 of subsp. japonica). Chu (N6), Gamborg B5 and MS nutrient media were used for seed germination and callus mass production. For callus formation, mature rice seeds cleaned of the seed coat were selected and then cultured on nutrient media with different compositions. The plant material was maintained on light installations in a 16/8 h daylight mode at a temperature of 23–24°C and 25,000 lux illumination.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. A protocol for sterilization of seeds for subsequent introduction into aseptic in vitro conditions was developed. Plants of all 40 rice accessions germinated in aseptic culture. Callus culture was obtained from plants of subsp. indica (41% of callus formation) and subsp. japonica (38%). Protocols for nutrient media were obtained to maintain and proliferate callus mass cells, and to produce regenerated plants.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Protocols for obtaining callus culture from two rice subspecies were developed and modified. The Chu (N6) nutrient medium supplemented with 2 mg/L of 2,4D and 0.5 g/L of casein was selected for subsp. indica accessions. The most suitable medium for inducing callus formation in subsp. japonica accessions was the ½MS medium supplemented with 0.2 g/L of proline, 0.4 mg/L of kinetin, and 0.8 mg/L of 2,4D. Addition of proline (0.5 g/L) and casein hydrolysate (0.3 g/L) to the MS nutrient medium helped to initiate the starting stage of shoot and root regeneration.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рис</kwd><kwd>каллус</kwd><kwd>регенерация</kwd><kwd>культивирование</kwd><kwd>протоколы in vitro</kwd><kwd>indica</kwd><kwd>japonica</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rice</kwd><kwd>callus</kwd><kwd>shoot and root regeneration</kwd><kwd>in vitro protocols</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках темы НИР № FGEM-2022-0007 «Выявление новых генетических маркеров селекционно значимых свойств и новых аллельных вариантов хозяйственно ценных генов в генофонде культурных растений и их диких родичей при помощи геномных и постгеномных технологий».  Авторы благодарят рецензентов за их вклад в экспертную оценку этой работы.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out within the framework of the research theme under VIR’s Project No. FGEM-2022-0007 “Identifying new genetic markers of significant traits for breeding and new allelic versions of agronomically important genes in the genetic diversity of cultivated plants and their wild relatives using genomic and postgenomic technologies”.  The authors thank the reviewers for their contribution to the peer review of this work.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ali J., Nicolas K.L.C., Akther S., Torabi A., Ebadi A.A., Marfori-Nazarea C.M. et al. Improved anther culture media for enhanced callus formation and plant regeneration in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plants (Basel). 2021;10(5):839. 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