vir-nwТруды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекцииProceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding2227-88342619-0982N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources10.30901/2227-8834-2024-4-150-158vir-nw-2121Research ArticleГЕНЕТИКА КУЛЬТУРНЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ И ИХ ДИКИХ РОДИЧЕЙGENETICS OF CULTIVATED PLANTS AND THEIR WILD RELATIVESАнализ полиморфизма локуса FaRca1 для выявления устойчивых к Colletotrichum acutatum генотипов земляникиAnalysis of polymorphism at the FaRca1 locus to identify strawberry genotypes resistant to Colletotrichum acutatumhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9770-8731ЛыжинА. С.LyzhinirA. S.

Александр Сергеевич Лыжин - кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, ведущий научный сотрудник.

393774 Тамбовская область, Мичуринск, ул. Мичурина, 30

Alexander S. Lyzhin - Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Leading Researcher.

30 Michurina St., Michurinsk, Tambov Province 393774

Ranenburzhetc@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1626-840XЛукъянчукИ. В.Luk’yanchukI. V.

Ирина Васильевна Лукъянчук - кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, ведущий научный сотрудник.

393774 Тамбовская область, Мичуринск, ул. Мичурина, 30

Irina V. Luk’yanchuk - Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Leading Researcher.

30 Michurina St., Michurinsk, Tambov Province 393774

irina.lk2011@yandex.ruФедеральный научный центр имени И.В. МичуринаРоссияI.V. Michurin Federal Science CenterRussian Federation2024090120251854150158Copyright © Лыжин А.С., Лукъянчук И.В., 20252025Лыжин А.С., Лукъянчук И.В.Lyzhinir A.S., Luk’yanchuk I.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/2121Актуальность

Актуальность. Антракнозная гниль плодов (Colletotrichum acutatum J.H. Simmonds) – опасное заболевание земляники садовой. Возделывание сортов с генетически детерминированной устойчивостью позволит минимизировать использование химических средств защиты и повысит качество получаемой продукции. Цель исследования – анализ аллельного полиморфизма локуса FaRca1 у сортов земляники садовой для идентификации перспективных генетических источников устойчивости к антракнозной гнили плодов, вызываемой C. acutatum.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Объектами исследования являлись 57 сортов земляники садовой (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) генетической коллекции Федерального научного центра (ФНЦ) имени И.В. Мичурина. Идентификацию аллельного состояния локуса FaRca1 проводили методом анализа кривых плавления с высоким разрешением (high-resolution melting) с использованием праймеров ID3F и ID1R.

Результаты и выводы

Результаты и выводы. У изучаемых сортов земляники локус резистентности FaRca1 представлен двумя вариантами комбинации аллелей: гомозиготный восприимчивый генотип (AA) и гетерозиготный устойчивый генотип (AB). Аллель резистентности FaRca1 (генотип AB) выявлен у 50,9% сортов земляники. Гомозиготным восприимчивым генотипом (AA) характеризуется 49,1% изучаемых сортов. Сортов с гомозиготным устойчивым генотипом (BB) не выявлено. Среди сортов российской селекции доля генотипов с локусом FaRca1 составила 44,4%, среди зарубежных сортов – 53,8%. Среди генотипов земляники селекции ФНЦ им. И.В. Мичурина аллель FaRca1 идентифицирован у сортов ‘Урожайная ЦГЛ’, ‘Флора’ и ‘Яркая’. Перспективными генетическими источниками для использования в программах маркер-опосредованной селекции являются сорта, совмещающие в геноме несколько факторов устойчивости: ‘Боровицкая’, ‘Aprica’ (локусы устойчивости к антракнозу FaRca1 и Rca2), ‘Korona’, ‘Ostara’ (локусы устойчивости к антракнозу FaRca1 и мучнистой росе 08 To-f), ‘Былинная’ (локусы устойчивости к антракнозу FaRca1, мучнистой росе 08 To-f и фитофторозной корневой гнили Rpf1).

Background

Background. Anthracnose fruit rot (AFR), caused by Colletotrichum acutatum J.H. Simmonds, is a dangerous disease of strawberry. The employment of cultivars with genetically determined resistance will minimize the use of chemical means of plant protection and increase the produce quality. The objective of the study was to analyze allelic polymorphism at the FaRca1 locus in strawberry cultivars to identify promising genetic sources of resistance to anthracnose fruit rot caused by C. acutatum.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. The materials of this study were 57 strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cultivars. The allelic state of the FaRca1 locus was identified by high-resolution melting analysis (HRM) using the ID3F and ID1R primers.

Results and conclusion

Results and conclusion. In the studied strawberry cultivars, the FaRca1 resistance locus was represented by two allelic combinations: homozygous susceptible genotype (AA) and heterozygous resistant genotype (AB). The resistance allele FaRca1 (genotype AB) was detected in 50.9% of strawberry cultivars. The homozygous susceptible genotype (AA) was characteristic of 49.1% studied strawberry cultivars. There were no strawberry cultivars with a homozygous resistant genotype (BB). Among the Russian strawberry cultivars, the FaRca1 locus was identified in 44.4% of forms, while among the foreign ones, it was identified in 53.8%. Among the strawberry genotypes developed at the I.V. Michurin Federal Science Center, the FaRca1 allele was identified in cvs. ‘Urozhaynaya CGL’, ‘Flora’ and ‘Yarkaya’. Promising genetic sources for marker-assisted breeding are strawberry cultivars combining several resistance factors in the genome: ‘Borovitskaya’ and ‘Aprica’ (FaRca1 and Rca2 anthracnose resistance loci), ‘Korona’ and ‘Ostara’ (FaRca1 anthracnose resistance locus, and 08 To-f powdery mildew resistance locus), and ‘Bylinnaya’ (FaRca1 anthracnose resistance locus, 08 To-f powdery mildew resistance locus, and Rpf1 red stele root rot resistance locus).

Fragaria × ananassaмолекулярные маркерымаркер-опосредованная селекциясортустойчивостьантракнозFragaria × ananassamolecular markersmarker-assisted breedingcultivarresistanceanthracnoseработа выполнена в рамках государственного задания согласно тематическому плану ФНЦ им. И.В. Мичурина по проекту FGSU-2022-0001 «Провести скрининг генетических ресурсов культурных растений, диких видов и их производных с целью формирования исследовательско-селекционных коллекций садовых культур. Выявить вариабельность экономически важных и селекционно значимых признаков, выделить перспективные для дальнейшего использования генотипы»the research was performed within the framework of the state task according to the theme plan of the I.V. Michurin Federal Science Center, Project No. FGSU-2022-0001 “To conduct screening among genetic resources of cultivated plants, wild species, and their derivatives in order to form collections of horticultural crops for research and breeding. To identify the variability of traits of economic importance and breeding value, and to identify genotypes promising for further utilization”ReferencesAnciro A., Mangandi J., Verma S., Peres N.A., Whitaker V.M., Lee S. FaRCg1: a quantitative trait locus conferring resistance to Colletotrichum crown rot caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in octoploid strawberry. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 2018;131(2):2167-2177. DOI: 10.1007/s00122-018-3145-zAnciro A., Mangandi J., Verma S., Peres N.A., Whitaker V.M., Lee S. FaRCg1: a quantitative trait locus conferring resistance to Colletotrichum crown rot caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in octoploid strawberry. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 2018;131(2):2167-2177. DOI: 10.1007/s00122-018-3145-zChandra S., Oh Y., Han H., Salinas N., Anciro A., Whitaker V.M. et al. Comparative transcriptome analysis to identify candidate genes for FaRCg1 conferring resistance against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa). Frontiers in Genetics. 2021;12:730444. DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.730444Chandra S., Oh Y., Han H., Salinas N., Anciro A., Whitaker V.M. et al. Comparative transcriptome analysis to identify candidate genes for FaRCg1 conferring resistance against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa). Frontiers in Genetics. 2021;12:730444. DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.730444Chen X.Y., Dai D.J., Zhao S.F., Shen Y., Wang H.D., Zhang C.Q. Genetic diversity of Colletotrichum spp. causing strawberry anthracnose in Zhejiang, China. Plant Disease. 2020:104(5);1351-1357. DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-09-19-2026-REChen X.Y., Dai D.J., Zhao S.F., Shen Y., Wang H.D., Zhang C.Q. Genetic diversity of Colletotrichum spp. causing strawberry anthracnose in Zhejiang, China. Plant Disease. 2020:104(5);1351-1357. DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-09-19-2026-REDenoyes-Rothan B., Lerceteau-Köhler E., Guérin G., Bosseur S., Bariac J., Martin E. et al. QTL analysis for resistance to Colletotrichum acutatum and Phytophthora cactorum in octoploid strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa). Acta Horticulturae. 2004;663:147-152. DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2004.663.19Denoyes-Rothan B., Lerceteau-Köhler E., Guérin G., Bosseur S., Bariac J., Martin E. et al. QTL analysis for resistance to Colletotrichum acutatum and Phytophthora cactorum in octoploid strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa). Acta Horticulturae. 2004;663:147-152. DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2004.663.19Edger P.P., Van Buren R., Colle M., Poorten T.J., Wai C.M., Niederhuth C.E. et al. Single-molecule sequencing and optical mapping yields an improved genome of woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) with chromosome-scale contiguity. GigaScience. 2018;7(2):gix124. DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/gix124Edger P.P., Van Buren R., Colle M., Poorten T.J., Wai C.M., Niederhuth C.E. et al. Single-molecule sequencing and optical mapping yields an improved genome of woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) with chromosome-scale contiguity. GigaScience. 2018;7(2):gix124. DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/gix124Gorgitano M.T., Pirilli M. Life cycle economic and environmental assessment for a greening agriculture. Quality – Access to Success. 2016;17 Suppl 1:181-185.Gorgitano M.T., Pirilli M. Life cycle economic and environmental assessment for a greening agriculture. Quality – Access to Success. 2016;17 Suppl 1:181-185.Jacobs R.L., Adhikari T.B., Pattison J., Yencho G.C., Fernandez G.E., Louws F.J. Assessing rate-reducing foliar resistance to anthracnose crown rot and fruit rot in strawberry. Plant Disease. 2020;104(2):398-407. DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-04-19-0687-REJacobs R.L., Adhikari T.B., Pattison J., Yencho G.C., Fernandez G.E., Louws F.J. Assessing rate-reducing foliar resistance to anthracnose crown rot and fruit rot in strawberry. Plant Disease. 2020;104(2):398-407. DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-04-19-0687-REJacobs R.L., Adhikari T.B., Pattison J., Yencho G.C., Fernandez G.E., Louws F.J. Inheritance of resistance to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and C. acutatum in strawberry. Phytopathology. 2019;109(3):428-435. DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-08-18-0283-RJacobs R.L., Adhikari T.B., Pattison J., Yencho G.C., Fernandez G.E., Louws F.J. Inheritance of resistance to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and C. acutatum in strawberry. Phytopathology. 2019;109(3):428-435. DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-08-18-0283-RKeldibekova M., Bezlepkina E., Zubkova M., Dolzhikova M. DNA-screening of strawberry cultivars and hybrids (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) for resistance to fungal diseases. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 2024;56(2):29. DOI: 10.30848/PJB2024-2(29)Keldibekova M., Bezlepkina E., Zubkova M., Dolzhikova M. DNA-screening of strawberry cultivars and hybrids (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) for resistance to fungal diseases. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 2024;56(2):29. DOI: 10.30848/PJB2024-2(29)Келдибекова М.А., Зубкова М.И. Анализ сортов земляники садовой (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) по генам Rca2 и Rpf1 с применением ДНК-маркеров. Таврический вестник аграрной науки. 2023;3(35):103-109. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10135427Keldibekova М.А., Zubkova М.I. Analysis of Fragaria ananassa Duch. cultivars by Rca2 and Rpf1 genes using DNA markers. Taurida Herald of the Agrarian Sciences. 2023;3(35):103-109. [in Russian] DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10135427Khan A.H., Hassan M., Khan M.N. Conventional plant breeding program for disease resistance. In: I. Ul Haq, S. Ijaz (eds). Sustainability in Plant and Crop Protection. Vol. 13. Plant Disease Management Strategies for Sustainable Agriculture through Traditional and Modern Approaches. Cham: Springer; 2020. p.27-51. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-35955-3_3Khan A.H., Hassan M., Khan M.N. Conventional plant breeding program for disease resistance. In: I. Ul Haq, S. Ijaz (eds). Sustainability in Plant and Crop Protection. Vol. 13. Plant Disease Management Strategies for Sustainable Agriculture through Traditional and Modern Approaches. Cham: Springer; 2020. p.27-51. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-35955-3_3Храбров И.Э., Антонова О.Ю., Шаповалов М.И., Семенова Л.Г. Молекулярный скрининг сортовой коллекции земляники ВИР на наличие маркера гена устойчивости к антракнозной черной гнили Rca2. Биотехнология и селекция растений. 2021;4(4):15-24. DOI: 10.30901/2658-6266-2021-4-o3Khrabrov I.E., Antonova O.Yu., Shapovalov M.I., Semenova L.G. Molecular screening of the VIR strawberry varieties collection for the presence of a marker for the anthracnose black rot resistance gene Rca2. Plant Biotechnology and Breeding. 2021;4(4):15-24. [in Russian] DOI: 10.30901/2658-6266-2021-4-o3Кузнецова А.А., Копина М.Б., Головин С.Е. Внутривидовое различие комплекса Colletotrichum acutatum Simmonds на плодовых и ягодных культурах. Плодоводство и ягодоводство России. 2019;56:142-147. DOI: 10.31676/2073-4948-2019-56-142-147Kuznetsova A.A., Kopina M.B., Golovin S.E. Intraspecific difference of the Colletotrichum acutatum Simmonds complex on fruit and small fruit crops. Pomiculture and Small Fruits Culture in Russia. 2019;56:142-147. [in Russian] DOI: 10.31676/2073-4948-2019-56-142-147Lerceteau-Köhler E., Guérin G., Denoyes-Rothan B. Identification of SCAR markers linked to Rca2 anthracnose resistance gene and their assessment in strawberry germ plasm. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 2005;111(5):862-870. DOI: 10.1007/s00122-005-0008-1Lerceteau-Köhler E., Guérin G., Denoyes-Rothan B. Identification of SCAR markers linked to Rca2 anthracnose resistance gene and their assessment in strawberry germ plasm. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 2005;111(5):862-870. DOI: 10.1007/s00122-005-0008-1Lyzhin A., Luk’yanchuk I. Assessment of strawberry varieties by anthracnose resistance gene. BIO Web of Conferences. 2021a;34:02007. DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20213402007Lyzhin A., Luk’yanchuk I. Assessment of strawberry varieties by anthracnose resistance gene. BIO Web of Conferences. 2021a;34:02007. DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20213402007Lyzhin A., Luk’yanchuk I. Marker-assisted screening of promising forms in the strawberry breeding. E3S Web of Conferences. 2021b;254:03002. DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/202125403002Lyzhin A., Luk’yanchuk I. Marker-assisted screening of promising forms in the strawberry breeding. E3S Web of Conferences. 2021b;254:03002. DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/202125403002Лыжин А.С., Лукъянчук И.В. Анализ наследования маркера SCAR-R1A, сцепленного с геном Rpf1 устойчивости к фитофторозной корневой гнили, в гибридном потомстве земляники. Труды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекции. 2022;183(1):208-213. DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2022-1-208-213Lyzhin A.S., Luk’yanchuk I.V. Analysis of the inheritance of the marker SCAR-R1A, linked to the Rpf1 red stele root rot resistance gene, in strawberry hybrid progeny. Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding. 2022;183(1):208-213. [in Russian] DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2022-1-208-213Лыжин А.С., Лукъянчук И.В. Наследование устойчивости к антракнозу, детерминируемой доминантным геном Rca2, в гибридном потомстве земляники садовой. Таврический вестник аграрной науки. 2023;3(35):137-144. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10141405Lyzhin A.S., Luk’yanchuk I.V. Inheritance of anthracnose resistance determined by the dominant Rca2 gene in strawberry hybrid progeny. Taurida Herald of the Agrarian Sciences. 2023;3(35):137-144. [in Russian] DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10141405Lyzhin A.S., Luk’yanchuk I.V. Study of a genetic collection of strawberry (Fragaria L.) for resistance to powdery mildew. Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding. 2024;28(2):166-174. DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-24-19Lyzhin A.S., Luk’yanchuk I.V. Study of a genetic collection of strawberry (Fragaria L.) for resistance to powdery mildew. Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding. 2024;28(2):166-174. DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-24-19Марченко Л.А. Методы и способы исследований для решения задач селекции земляники садовой (аналитический обзор). Вестник КрасГАУ. 2021;9(174):59-68. DOI: 10.36718/1819-4036-2021-9-59-68Marchenko L.A. Research methods and ways in strawberry breeding problems solution (analytical review). The Bulletin of KrasGAU. 2021;9(174):59-68. [in Russian] DOI: 10.36718/1819-4036-2021-9-59-68Miller-Butler M.A., Smith B.J., Babiker E.M., Kreiser B.R., Blythe E.K. Comparison of whole plant and detached leaf screening techniques for identifying anthracnose resistance in strawberry plants. Plant Disease. 2018;102(11):2112-2119. DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-08-17-1138-REMiller-Butler M.A., Smith B.J., Babiker E.M., Kreiser B.R., Blythe E.K. Comparison of whole plant and detached leaf screening techniques for identifying anthracnose resistance in strawberry plants. Plant Disease. 2018;102(11):2112-2119. DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-08-17-1138-RESalinas N., Fan Z., Peres N., Lee S., Whitaker V.M. FaRCa1 confers moderate resistance to the root necrosis form of strawberry anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum acutatum. HortScience. 2020;55(5):693-698. DOI: 10.21273/HORTSCI14807-20Salinas N., Fan Z., Peres N., Lee S., Whitaker V.M. FaRCa1 confers moderate resistance to the root necrosis form of strawberry anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum acutatum. HortScience. 2020;55(5):693-698. DOI: 10.21273/HORTSCI14807-20Salinas N., Verma S., Peres N., Whitaker V.M. FaRCa1: a major subgenome-specific locus conferring resistance to Colletotrichum acutatum in strawberry. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 2019;132(4):1109-1120. DOI: 10.1007/s00122-018-3263-7Salinas N., Verma S., Peres N., Whitaker V.M. FaRCa1: a major subgenome-specific locus conferring resistance to Colletotrichum acutatum in strawberry. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 2019;132(4):1109-1120. DOI: 10.1007/s00122-018-3263-7Smith B.J. Epidemiology and pathology of strawberry anthracnose: a North American perspective HortScience. 2008;43(1):69-73. DOI: 10.21273/HORTSCI.43.1.69Smith B.J. Epidemiology and pathology of strawberry anthracnose: a North American perspective HortScience. 2008;43(1):69-73. DOI: 10.21273/HORTSCI.43.1.69Smith B.J. USDA-ARS strawberry anthracnose resistance breeding program. Acta Horticulturae. 2006;708:463-470. DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2006.708.82Smith B.J. USDA-ARS strawberry anthracnose resistance breeding program. Acta Horticulturae. 2006;708:463-470. DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2006.708.82Sturzeanu M., Calinescu M., Fralova L., Klakotskaya N., Ancu I., Sumedrea M. et al. Assessing some strawberry genotypes used in breeding programme for increasing resistance to diseases. Fruit Growing Research. 2017;33:29-34.Sturzeanu M., Calinescu M., Fralova L., Klakotskaya N., Ancu I., Sumedrea M. et al. Assessing some strawberry genotypes used in breeding programme for increasing resistance to diseases. Fruit Growing Research. 2017;33:29-34.Sturzeanu M., Ciuca M., Cristina D., Turcu A.G. Use of RAPD and SCAR markers for identification of strawberry genotypes with red stele resistance genes Rpf1 and fruit rot resistance genes Rca2 in the hybrid progenies. Acta Horticulturae. 2021;1309:93-100. DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2021.1309.15Sturzeanu M., Ciuca M., Cristina D., Turcu A.G. Use of RAPD and SCAR markers for identification of strawberry genotypes with red stele resistance genes Rpf1 and fruit rot resistance genes Rca2 in the hybrid progenies. Acta Horticulturae. 2021;1309:93-100. DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2021.1309.15Тарасова Е.В., Капитова И.А., Андронова Н.В. Идентификация аллельного состояния гена Rca2 устойчивости к антракнозу и определение генетического сходства у генотипов земляники садовой. Садоводство и виноградарство. 2024;(1):5-11. DOI: 10.31676/0235-2591-2024-1-5-11Tarasova E.V., Kapitova I.A., Andronova N.V. Identification of the allelic state of the Rca2 gene for resistance to anthracnose and determination of genetic relatedness in garden strawberry genotypes. Horticulture and Viticulture. 2024;(1):5-11. [in Russian] DOI: 10.31676/0235-2591-2024-1-5-11Wang N.Y., Forcelini B.B., Peres N.A. Anthracnose fruit and root necrosis of strawberry are caused by a dominant species within the Colletotrichum acutatum species complex in the United States. Phytopathology. 2019;109(7):1293-1301. DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-12-18-0454-RWang N.Y., Forcelini B.B., Peres N.A. Anthracnose fruit and root necrosis of strawberry are caused by a dominant species within the Colletotrichum acutatum species complex in the United States. Phytopathology. 2019;109(7):1293-1301. DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-12-18-0454-RWhitaker V.M., Knapp S.J., Hardigan M.A., Edger P.P., Slovin J.P., Bassil N.V. et al. A roadmap for research in octoploid strawberry. Horticulture Research. 2020;7:33. DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-0252-1Whitaker V.M., Knapp S.J., Hardigan M.A., Edger P.P., Slovin J.P., Bassil N.V. et al. A roadmap for research in octoploid strawberry. Horticulture Research. 2020;7:33. DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-0252-1Zhang L., Song L., Xu X., Zou X., Duan K., Gao Q. Characterization and fungicide sensitivity of Colletotrichum species causing strawberry anthracnose in Eastern China. Plant Disease. 2020;104(7):1960-1968. DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-10-19-2241-REZhang L., Song L., Xu X., Zou X., Duan K., Gao Q. Characterization and fungicide sensitivity of Colletotrichum species causing strawberry anthracnose in Eastern China. Plant Disease. 2020;104(7):1960-1968. DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-10-19-2241-REZurn J.D., Hummer K.E., Bassil N.V. Exploring the diversity and genetic structure of the US National Cultivated Strawberry Collection. Horticulture Research. 2022;9:uhac125. DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac125Zurn J.D., Hummer K.E., Bassil N.V. Exploring the diversity and genetic structure of the US National Cultivated Strawberry Collection. Horticulture Research. 2022;9:uhac125. DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac125

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.