vir-nwТруды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекцииProceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding2227-88342619-0982N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources10.30901/2227-8834-2024-3-199-209vir-nw-2041Research ArticleИДЕНТИФИКАЦИЯ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКОГО РАЗНООБРАЗИЯ КУЛЬТУРНЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ И ИХ ДИКИХ РОДИЧЕЙ ДЛЯ РЕШЕНИЯ ФУНДАМЕНТАЛЬНЫХ И ПРИКЛАДНЫХ ПРОБЛЕМIDENTIFICATION OF THE DIVERSITY OF CULTIVATED PLANTS AND THEIR WILD RELATIVES FOR SOLVING FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED PROBLEMSВосстановление архитектоники колоса древнего ячменя из раскопа Усвятского городища XII векаRestoration of the spike architectonics in ancient barley excavated at the twelfth-century settlement of Usvyatyhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7275-3878СемилетТ. В.SemiletT. V.

Татьяна Вячеславовна Семилет, младший научный сотрудник 

190000, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Б. Морская, 42, 44

Tatyana V. Semilet, Associate Researcher 

42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000

t.semilet@vir.nw.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9480-8737СмирноваН. В.SmirnovaN. V.

Наталья Витальевна Смирнова, младший научный сотрудник 

190000, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Б. Морская, 42, 44

Natalia V. Smirnova, Associate Researcher 

42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000

n.smirnova@vir.nw.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1958-5008ШвачкоН. А.ShvachkoN. A.

Наталия Альбертовна Швачко, кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, заведующая лабораторией 

190000, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Б. Морская, 42, 44

Nataliya A. Shvachko, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Leading Researcher, Head of a Laboratory 

42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000

n.shvachko@vir.nw.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3990-6526КовалеваО. Н.KovalevaO. N.

Ольга Николаевна Ковалева, кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник 

190000, СанктПетербург, ул. Б. Морская, 42, 44

Olga N. Kovaleva, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Leading Researcher 

42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000

o.kovaleva@vir.nw.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8470-8254ХлесткинаЕ. К.KhlestkinaE. K.

Елена Константиновна Хлесткина, доктор биологических наук, профессор РАН, директор; руководитель направления «Биология и биотехнология растений» 

190000, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Б. Морская, 42, 44;354340, Краснодарский край, федеральная территория «Сириус», пгт. Сириус, Олимпийский пр., 1

Elena K. Khlestkina, Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor of the RAS, Director; Plant Biology and Biotechnology Research Manager 

42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000;1 Olimpiysky Ave., Sirius Settlem., Sirius Federal Territory, Krasnodar Territory 354340

director@vir.nw.ruФедеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. ВавиловаРоссияN.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic ResourcesRussian FederationФедеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. Вавилова; Научно-технологический университет «Сириус», Центр генетики и наук о жизниРоссияN.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources; Sirius University of Science and Technology, Research Center of Genetics and Life SciencesRussian Federation2024221020241853199209Copyright © Семилет Т.В., Смирнова Н.В., Швачко Н.А., Ковалева О.Н., Хлесткина Е.К., 20242024Семилет Т.В., Смирнова Н.В., Швачко Н.А., Ковалева О.Н., Хлесткина Е.К.Semilet T.V., Smirnova N.V., Shvachko N.A., Kovaleva O.N., Khlestkina E.K.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/2041

Актуальность. В статье приводятся данные об архитектонике колосьев древнего ячменя XII века, найденного при раскопках Усвятского городища в 2019 г. Используя современные молекулярно-генетические подходы, были изучены гены доместикации (Btr1, Btr2, Vrs) древних и современных образцов ячменя коллекции ВИР. Материалы и методы. Исследованы карбонизированные зерновки, найденные археологами при раскопках Усвят. Осуществлен дизайн праймеров генов доместикации и поставлены ПЦР с современными и древними зерновками ячменя. Работы по изучению древних зерновок выполняли согласно правилам организации палеогенетической лаборатории, исключающим контаминацию с современной ДНК. Фрагменты генов доместикации современных и древних образцов ячменя секвенировали по Сэнгеру. Результаты исследования. Выполнено выделение древней ДНК и дальнейшее ее обогащение. Анализ последовательностей генов доместикации позволил восстановить особенности строения колоса древнего ячменя. Заключение. Восстановлена архитектоника древних злаковых. Выявлено, что древний ячмень являлся двурядным и ломкоколосым.

Background. The data are presented on the architectonics of ancient barley spikes from the 12th century, excavated in 2019 at Usvyaty Settlement. Modern molecular genetics approaches were used to study domestication genes (Btr1, Btr2, and Vrs) in ancient and contemporary barleys (germplasm accessions preserved at VIR).Materials and methods. The carbonized kernels found by archaeologists during the excavations at Usvyaty were analyzed. Primers for domestication genes were designed, and PCR was performed on contemporary and ancient barley grains. Ancient kernels were studied in accordance with the rules established for organizing a paleogenetics laboratory, which excluded any contamination with contemporary DNA. Fragments of domestication genes from contemporary and ancient barley grain samples underwent Sanger sequencing. Results. Ancient DNA was isolated and enriched. The analysis of domestication gene sequences made it possible to reconstruct the ancient barley spike’s features. Conclusion. The ancient cereal crop architectonics was restored to ascertain a brittle two-row spike of ancient barley

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.