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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vir-nw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Труды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2227-8834</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0982</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30901/2227-8834-2024-3-166-179</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vir-nw-2038</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННАЯ СЕЛЕКЦИЯ НА СОВРЕМЕННОМ ЭТАПЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DOMESTIC PLANT BREEDING AT THE PRESENT STAGE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка содержания крахмала в зерне и реакции на М- и С-типы ЦМС высококрахмалистых гибридов кукурузы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Assessment of grain starch content and responses to CMS-S and CMS-C in high-starch maize hybrids</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6995-9015</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фирсова</surname><given-names>М. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Firsova</surname><given-names>M. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Милана Руслановна Фирсова, аспирант </p><p>190000, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Б. Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Milana R. Firsova, Postgraduate Student </p><p>42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">milagonikova001@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9897-8434</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шомахов</surname><given-names>Б. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shomakhov</surname><given-names>B. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Беслан Рашадович Шомахов, старший научный сотрудник </p><p>360004, Нальчик, ул. Кирова, 224</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Beslan R. Shomakhov, Senior Researcher </p><p>224 Kirova St., Nalchik 360004</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shomaxov.beslan@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8851-5819</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кушхова</surname><given-names>Р. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kushkhova</surname><given-names>R. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рита Сарабиевна Кушхова, научный сотрудник </p><p>360004, Нальчик, ул. Кирова, 224</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rita S. Kushkhova, Researcher </p><p>224 Kirova St., Nalchik 360004</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kushkhova.r@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8843-3683</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хаширова</surname><given-names>З. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khashirova</surname><given-names>Z. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зинаида Темирбиевна Хаширова, младший научный сотрудник </p><p>360004, Нальчик, ул. Кирова, 224</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zinaida T. Khashirova, Associate Researcher </p><p>224 Kirova St., Nalchik 360004</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">khashirova.z@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3901-856X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудаев</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudaev</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Руслан Абузедович Кудаев, научный сотрудник </p><p>360004, Нальчик, ул. Кирова, 224</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ruslan A. Kudaev, Researcher </p><p>224 Kirova St., Nalchik 360004</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">boss_rusik@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4707-8557</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гяургиев</surname><given-names>А. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gyaurgiev</surname><given-names>A. Kh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Азамат Хасбиевич Гяургиев, младший научный сотрудник </p><p>360004, Нальчик, ул. Кирова, 224</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Azamat Kh. Gyaurgiev, Associate Researcher </p><p>224 Kirova St., Nalchik 360004</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">agyaurgiyev@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9741-8646</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аппаев</surname><given-names>С. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Appaev</surname><given-names>S. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сафар Пахауович Аппаев, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, ведущий научный сотрудник </p><p>360004, Нальчик, ул. Кирова, 224</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Safar P. Appaev, Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Leading Researcher </p><p>224 Kirova St., Nalchik 360004</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">appaev-safar@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8639-050X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кагермазов</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kagermazov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алан Мухамедович Кагермазов, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, научный сотрудник </p><p>360004, Нальчик, ул. Кирова, 224</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alan M. Kagermazov, Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Researcher </p><p>224 Kirova St., Nalchik 360004</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kagermazov.alan@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5722-3163</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хачидогов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khachidogov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Азамат Валерьевич Хачидогов, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, научный сотрудник </p><p>360004, Нальчик, ул. Кирова, 224</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Azamat V. Khachidogov, Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Researcher </p><p>224 Kirova St., Nalchik 360004</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">azamat.xa@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3438-5987</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бузуртанов</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Buzurtanov</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Асланбек Иссаевич Бузуртанов, научный сотрудник </p><p>386203, Республика Ингушетия, Сунжа, ул. Осканова, 50</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aslanbek I. Buzurtanov, Researcher </p><p>50 Oskanova St., Sunzha 386203, Republic of Ingushetia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">buzurtanov.aslanbek@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8203-2481</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бадургова</surname><given-names>К. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Badurgova</surname><given-names>K. Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кульсум Шоидовна Бадургова, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, ведущий научный сотрудник </p><p>386203, Республика Ингушетия, Сунжа, ул. Осканова, 50</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kulsum Sh. Badurgova, Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Leading Researcher </p><p>50 Oskanova St., Sunzha 386203, Republic of Ingushetia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kulsum1977@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7529-6171</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Базгиев</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bazgiev</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Магомед Алаудинович Базгиев, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, ведущий научный сотрудник </p><p>386203, Республика Ингушетия, Сунжа, ул. Осканова, 50</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Magomed A. Bazgiev, Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Leading Researcher </p><p>50 Oskanova St., Sunzha 386203, Republic of Ingushetia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ishos06@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2042-0681</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гольдштейн</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Goldshtein</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Георгиевич Гольдштейн, кандидат технических наук, заведующий отделом </p><p>140051, Московская обл., Люберецкий р-н, пос. Красково, ул. Некрасова, 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir G. Goldshtein, Cand. Sci. (Engineering), Head of a Department </p><p>11 Nekrasova St., Kraskovo Settlem., Lyuberetsky District, Moscow Province 140051</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">6919486@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2762-2777</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хорева</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khoreva</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Валентина Ивановна Хорева, кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник </p><p>190000, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Б. Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valentina I. Khoreva, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Leading Researcher </p><p>42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">horeva43@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5713-2328</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хатефов</surname><given-names>Э. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khatefov</surname><given-names>E. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Эдуард Балилович Хатефов, доктор биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник </p><p>190000, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Б. Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Eduard B. Khatefov, Dr. Sci. (Biology), Leading Researcher </p><p>42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">haed1967@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. Вавилова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кабардино-Балкарский научный центр Российской академии наук, Институт сельского хозяйства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kabardin-Balkar Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ингушский научно-исследовательский институт сельского хозяйства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ingush Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный исследовательский центр картофеля имени А.Г. Лорха, Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт крахмала и переработки крахмалосодержащего сырья</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Potato Research Center, All-Russian Research Institute of Starch and Starch-Containing Raw Materials Processing</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>185</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>166</fpage><lpage>179</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Фирсова М.Р., Шомахов Б.Р., Кушхова Р.С., Хаширова З.Т., Кудаев Р.А., Гяургиев А.Х., Аппаев С.П., Кагермазов А.М., Хачидогов А.В., Бузуртанов А.И., Бадургова К.Ш., Базгиев М.А., Гольдштейн В.Г., Хорева В.И., Хатефов Э.Б., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фирсова М.Р., Шомахов Б.Р., Кушхова Р.С., Хаширова З.Т., Кудаев Р.А., Гяургиев А.Х., Аппаев С.П., Кагермазов А.М., Хачидогов А.В., Бузуртанов А.И., Бадургова К.Ш., Базгиев М.А., Гольдштейн В.Г., Хорева В.И., Хатефов Э.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Firsova M.R., Shomakhov B.R., Kushkhova R.S., Khashirova Z.T., Kudaev R.A., Gyaurgiev A.K., Appaev S.P., Kagermazov A.M., Khachidogov A.V., Buzurtanov A.I., Badurgova K.S., Bazgiev M.A., Goldshtein V.G., Khoreva V.I., Khatefov E.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/2038">https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/2038</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность. Рост производства нативного и модифицированного крахмала из кукурузы требует обеспечения сырьем с высоким содержанием крахмала в зерне. Материалы и методы. Проведены двухлетние испытания 780 экспериментальных простых гибридов высококрахмалистой кукурузы, полученных на стерильных линиях с М- и С-типами ЦМС. Определение крахмала в зерне линий и их гибридов проведено методом ИК-спектрометрии, содержание нативного крахмала в зерне лучших по урожайности гибридов проведено во ВНИИ крахмала и переработки крахмалосодержащего сырья по методу, предложенному Л. П. Носовской с соавторами, определена реакция на ЦМС по шкале Г. С. Галеева. Результаты. Установлено варьирование содержания крахмала в зерне от 58% до 72% СВ по всей выборке. По данным ИК-спектрометрии выделены 22 гибрида с высоким (72,03–72,67%) содержанием крахмала и 5 гибридов, перспективных для глубокой переработки зерна, сочетающих высокое содержание белка (10,3–13,53%) и масла (3,77–5,03%) с высоким содержанием крахмала (69,02–70,4%) в зерне. Извлечение нативного крахмала по методу Л. П. Носовской показало, что содержание крахмала у 68 лучших гибридов находится в пределах от 70,03 до 71,95% СВ. Коллекция ранжирована по принадлежности к основным гетерозисным группам: Iowa Dent – 57 линий, Stiff Stalk Synthetic – 26 линий, Lancaster – 28 линий. Выделены 33 и 6 линий закрепителей, 9 и 8 линий восстановителей М- и С-типов ЦМС соответственно. По группам спелости ФАО гибриды распределились на ФАО 200–299 – 14 комбинаций, ФАО 300–399 – 7 комбинаций, ФАО 400–449 – 21 комбинация и ФАО 450–500 – 29 комбинаций. Выводы. Хозяйственная и селекционная оценка 68 лучших комбинаций линий высококрахмалистой кукурузы со стерильными тестерами показала их перспективность для производства нативного крахмала не ниже 70–72% СВ. Также выделены 5 комбинаций линий для получения нативного крахмала (69,02–70,4% СВ) и побочной продукции в виде белка (10,3–13,5% СВ) и масла (3,77–5,03% СВ) при глубокой переработке зерна.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. Increasing the production of native and modified starch from maize requires raw materials with high starch content in grain. Materials and methods. An experimental panel of 780 simple high-starch maize hybrids produced with CMS-S and CMS-C lines underwent two-year testing. Starch content in the grain of the lines and their hybrids was assessed with IR spectrometry. Native starch content in the grain of hybrids with highest yields was measured at the All-Russian Research Institute of Starch and Starch-Containing Raw Materials Processing using the method proposed by L. P. Nosovskaya with coauthors. Responses to CMS were scored according to G. S. Galeev’s scale. Results. Grain starch content was found to vary from 58% to 72% DMB throughout the tested panel. IR spectrometry helped to identify 22 hybrids with high (72.03–72.67%) starch content, and 5 hybrids promising for deep grain processing, combining high protein (10.3–13.53%) and oil (3.77–5.03%) levels with high starch content (69.02–70.4%) in their grain. Native starch extraction using L. P. Nosovskaya’s method showed that grain starch content in the best 68 hybrids ranged from 70.03 to 71.95% DMB. The collection was ranked according to the main heterotic groups: 57 lines of Iowa Dent, 26 lines of Stiff Stalk Synthetic, and 28 lines of Lancaster. For CMS-S and CMS-C types, 33 and 6 maintainers, and 9 and 8 restorers were selected, respectively. The hybrids were distributed across the following FAO maturity groups for maize: FAO 200–299 (14 hybrids), FAO 300–399 (7), FAO 400–449 (21), and FAO 450–500 (29). Conclusion. Assessing agronomic and breeding prospects of the best 68 hybrids between high-starch maize lines and sterile testers proved their potential for producing native starch to at least 70–72% DMB. Five hybrids were identified as promising for yielding native starch (69.02–70.4% DMB), as well as protein (10.3–13.5% DMB) and oil (3.77–5.03% DMB) by-products during deep grain processing.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Zea mays  L.</kwd><kwd>кукурузный крахмал</kwd><kwd>глубокая переработка зерна</kwd><kwd>ЦМС</kwd><kwd>закрепители стерильности</kwd><kwd>восстановители фертильности пыльцы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Zea mays  L.</kwd><kwd>maize starch</kwd><kwd>deep grain processing</kwd><kwd>CMS</kwd><kwd>sterility maintainer</kwd><kwd>fertility restorers</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания согласно тематическому плану ВИР по проекту № FGEM-2022-0009 «Структурирование и раскрытие потенциала наследственной изменчивости мировой коллекции зерновых и крупяных культур ВИР для развития оптимизированного генбанка и рационального использования в селекции и растениеводстве».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">the research was performed within the framework of the state task according to the theme plan of VIR, Project No. FGEM-2022-0009 “Structuring and disclosing the potential of hereditary variation in the global collection of cereal and groat crops at VIR for the development of an optimized genebank and its sustainable utilization in plant breeding and crop production”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abu-Ghannam N., Balboa E. 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