vir-nwТруды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекцииProceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding2227-88342619-0982N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources10.30901/2227-8834-2024-3-147-156vir-nw-2036Research ArticleГЕНЕТИКА КУЛЬТУРНЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ И ИХ ДИКИХ РОДИЧЕЙGENETICS OF CULTIVATED PLANTS AND THEIR WILD RELATIVESПоддержание изменчивости по размеру соцветия у сортов гречихи обыкновенной (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) различного происхождения: явление и его возможные причиныMaintenance of inflorescence size variability within common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) cultivars of various origin: the phenomenon and its possible causeshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7658-3471ФесенкоА. Н.FesenkoA. N.

Алексей Николаевич Фесенко, доктор биологических наук, заведующий лабораторией 

302502, Орел, пос. Стрелецкий, ул. Молодежная, 10, корп. 1

Aleksey N. Fesenko, Dr. Sci. (Biology), Head of a Laboratory 

10, bldg. 1, Molodezhnaya St., Streletsky Settlem., Orel 302502

fesenko.a.n@rambler.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3612-422XФесенкоИ. Н.FesenkoI. N.

Иван Николаевич Фесенко, доктор биологических наук, главный научный сотрудник 

302502, Орел, пос. Стрелецкий, ул. Молодежная, 10, корп. 1

Ivan N. Fesenko, Dr. Sci. (Biology), Chief Researcher 

10, bldg. 1, Molodezhnaya St., Streletsky Settlem., Orel 302502

ivanfesenko@rambler.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5319-2374БирюковаО. В.BiryukovaO. V.

Оксана Викторовна Бирюкова, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, ведущий научный сотрудник 

302502, Орел, пос. Стрелецкий, ул. Молодежная, 10, корп. 1

Oksana V. Biryukova, Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Leading Researcher 

10, bldg. 1, Molodezhnaya St., Streletsky Settlem., Orel 302502

oksanabi2014@yandex.ruФедеральный научный центр зернобобовых и крупяных культурРоссияFederal Scientific Center of Legumes and Groat CropsRussian Federation2024211020241853147156Copyright © Фесенко А.Н., Фесенко И.Н., Бирюкова О.В., 20242024Фесенко А.Н., Фесенко И.Н., Бирюкова О.В.Fesenko A.N., Fesenko I.N., Biryukova O.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/2036

Актуальность. Внутрипопуляционный полиморфизм обычно можно интерпретировать как результат балансирующего отбора, но механизмы, лежащие в основе такого отбора, не всегда ясны. Для гречихи обыкновенной характерен широкий полиморфизм по размеру соцветия, который был обнаружен даже у одного из наиболее генетически однородных сортов ‘Скороспелая 86’. Крупное соцветие контролируется рецессивными аллелями множества генов, то есть это вторичный признак, возникший, по-видимому, в результате окультуривания. Аллели, определяющие более мелкие соцветия, тоже поддерживаются в сортовых популяциях. Целью настоящей работы было проанализировать изменчивость в пределах сортов гречихи, представляющих разные морфологические типы культуры, и попытаться выяснить возможные механизмы, лежащие в ее основе. Материалы и методы. Проанализирован ряд сортов гречихи разного происхождения и разных морфологических типов. Размер соцветия оценивали как количество его повторяющихся субъединиц, то есть элементарных соцветий (ЭлС). Также подсчитывали количество зрелых семян во всем соцветии и различных ЭлС. Результаты и заключение. Все сорта были полиморфны по анализируемому признаку. Диапазон изменчивости на видовом уровне составил от 6 до 24 ЭлС. Накопление генов, определяющих более крупные соцветия, объясняется просто: более крупные соцветия имеют тенденцию формировать больше семян. Однако трудно объяснить сохранение изменчивости по размеру соцветия, то есть почему аллели, определяющие маленькое соцветие, не были утрачены в ходе искусственного отбора на более высокую семенную продуктивность. Вероятно, такой полиморфизм может быть полезен для поддержания гетерозиса на популяционном уровне.

Background. Intrapopulation polymorphism usually can be interpreted as a result of balancing selection, but the basic mechanisms of such selection are not always clear. Earlier we documented a wide variation in the inflorescence size within one of the most genetically uniform common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) cultivar ‘Skorospelaya 86’, with larger sizes controlled by recessive alleles of multiple genes. The objective of the present work was to analyze the variation within a set of buckwheat cultivars representing different morphological types of the crop, and try to make out possible mechanisms that underlie it. Material and methods. A set of buckwheat cultivars of various origin and belonging to different morphological types were analyzed. The size of inflorescences was assessed as a number of their iterative subunits, i.e., partial floret clusters (PFCs). The number of mature seeds in the entire inflorescence and various PFCs was also counted. Results and conclusions. All the cultivars were variable, with the range at the species level from 6 to 24 PFCs. Accumulation of the genes determining a larger inflorescence seems to be simply explained: larger inflorescences tended to produce more seeds than smaller ones. However, it is not so easy to explain the maintenance of the inflorescence size variability, i.e., why the alleles determining small inflorescences were not lost during the artificial selection for higher seed productivity. Probably, such polymorphism may be useful for maintaining heterosis at the population level.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.