vir-nwТруды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекцииProceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding2227-88342619-0982N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources10.30901/2227-8834-2024-3-94-104vir-nw-2032Research ArticleКОЛЛЕКЦИИ МИРОВЫХ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИХ РЕСУРСОВ КУЛЬТУРНЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ ДЛЯ РАЗВИТИЯ ПРИОРИТЕТНЫХ НАПРАВЛЕНИЙ СЕЛЕКЦИИCOLLECTIONS OF THE WORLD’S CROP GENETIC RESOURCES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PRIORITY PLANT BREEDING TRENDSИзучение биохимического состава образцов семян арахиса из коллекции ВИРStudying the biochemical composition of peanut accessions from the VIR collectionhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9574-0356БемоваВ. Д.BemovaV. D.

Виктория Дмитриевна Бемова, младший научный сотрудник 

190000, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Б. Морская, 42, 44

Viktoria D. Bemova, Associate Researcher 

42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000

viktoria.bemova@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3992-5353ШеленгаТ. В.ShelengaT. V.

Татьяна Васильевна Шеленга, кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник 

190000, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Б. Морская, 42, 44

Tatiana V. Shelenga, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Leading Researcher 

42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000

tatianashelenga@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3801-3734АсфандияровМ. Ш.AsfandiyarovaM. Sh.

Минира Шаймардановна Асфандиярова, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, старший научный сотрудник 

416251, Астраханская обл., Черноярский р-н, с. Соленое Займище, квартал Северный, 8

Minira Sh. Asfandiyarova, Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Senior Researcher,

8 Severny Block, Solenoe Zaimishche, Chernoyarsky District, Astrakhan Province 416251

rtuz@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2661-2377ЯкушеваТ. В.YakushevaT. V.

Тамара Владимировна Якушева, младший научный сотрудник 

352183, Краснодарский край, Гулькевичский район, п. Ботаника, ул. Центральная, 2

Tamara V. Yakusheva, Associate Researcher 

2 Tsentralnaya St., Krasnodar 352183

kos-vir@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4454-6948КишлянН. В.KishlyanN. V.

Наталья Васильевна Кишлян, кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник 

190000, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Б. Морская, 42, 44

Natalya V. Kishlyan, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Senior Researcher 

42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000

natalya-kishlyan@yandex.ruФедеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. ВавиловаРоссияN.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic ResourcesRussian FederationПрикаспийский аграрный федеральный научный центр Российской академии наукРоссияCaspian Agrarian Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationФедеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. ВавиловаРоссияN.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, Kuban Experiment StationRussian Federation202421102024185394104Copyright © Бемова В.Д., Шеленга Т.В., Асфандияров М.Ш., Якушева Т.В., Кишлян Н.В., 20242024Бемова В.Д., Шеленга Т.В., Асфандияров М.Ш., Якушева Т.В., Кишлян Н.В.Bemova V.D., Shelenga T.V., Asfandiyarova M.S., Yakusheva T.V., Kishlyan N.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/2032

Актуальность. Арахис – одна из важнейших масличных культур пищевого назначения. Натуральное арахисовое масло состоит в основном из двух ненасыщенных жирных кислот – олеиновой и линолевой, от соотношения которых зависит качество масла. Цель работы – выявление разнообразия содержания масла и его жирнокислотного состава у образцов арахиса коллекции ВИР, а также влияния почвенно-климатических и иных факторов на эти признаки, что актуально для получения новых высокомасличных сортов. Материалы и методы. Изучены коллекционные образцы арахиса по содержанию масла и его жирнокислотному составу. Образцы репродуцировали в течение трех лет (2019–2021) в двух разных географических точках: в Краснодарском крае на Кубанской опытной станции – филиале ВИР (КОС ВИР) и Астраханской области в Прикаспийском аграрном федеральном научном центре Российской академии наук (ПАФНЦ). В качестве стандарта использовали сорт ‘Отрадокубанский’. Для статистической обработки данных применяли двухфакторный дисперсионный анализ. Результаты и обсуждение. Определено содержание 18 жирных кислот в масле арахиса, две из которых, олеиновая и линолевая, являются доминирующими. Содержание олеиновой кислоты зависит от генотипа на 42–53%, линолевой кислоты – на 50–71%; также на признак оказывают влияние место и год выращивания. Размах изменчивости за три года изучения содержания олеиновой и линолевой кислот: на КОС ВИР – 35,4–57,6% и 18,3–38,1%, в ПАФНЦ – 33,4– 51,2% и 30,9–42,7% соответственно. Содержание масла на 81% зависит от генотипа и составляет 32,0–44,4%.

Background. Peanut is one of the most important oil crops for food purposes. Natural peanut butter contains two unsaturated fatty acids, oleic and linoleic, which make up to 80% of the total fatty acid content in peanut oil. The quality of oil depends on the ratio between these two acids. Analyzing the diversity of oil content and fatty acid composition in peanut accessions preserved at VIR and assessing the effect of soil, climate, and other factors on these characters is vital for the development of new peanut cultivars rich in oil. Materials and methods. Peanut germplasm accessions were studied for their biochemical composition of fatty acids and the content of oil and protein. The accessions were reproduced for three years (2019–2021) at two ecogeographic locations: in Krasnodar Territory, and Astrakhan Province. Cv. ‘Otradokubansky’ was used as a reference. ANOVA was applied for statistical data processing. Results and discussion. The percentage composition of 18 fatty acids was calculated in peanut oil, with oleic and linoleic acids dominating. The content of oleic acid depended on the genotype for 42–53%, and that of linoleic acid, for 50–71%. The latter was also influenced by the place and year of cultivation. The ranges of variation over the three years of studies in Krasnodar Territory were 35.4–57.6% for oleic acid, and 18.3–38.1% for linoleic acid, whereas in Astrakhan Province they were 33.4–51.2%, and 30.9–42.7%, respectively. Under unfavorable conditions, the content of oleic acid in peanut prevailed. The oil content depended on the genotype for 81%, and its percentage was 32.0–44.4%.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.