vir-nwТруды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекцииProceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding2227-88342619-0982N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-201-209vir-nw-1978Research ArticleИММУНИТЕТ КУЛЬТУРНЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ И ИХ ДИКИХ РОДИЧЕЙIMMUNITY OF CULTIVATED PLANTS AND THEIR WILD RELATIVESУстойчивость сортов и гибридов коллекции картофеля ВИР к северо-западной популяции Phytophthora infestansResistance of potato cultivars and hybrid clones from the VIR collection to the northwestern population of Phytophthora infestanshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2266-0467ЗотееваН. М.ZoteyevaN. M.

Надежда Мубаровна Зотеева, доктор биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник

190000; ул. Б. Морская, 42, 44; Санкт-Петербург

Nadezhda M. Zoteyeva, Dr. Sci. (Biology), Leading Researcher

190000; 42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street; St. Petersburg

nzoteyeva@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0151-8349КосареваО. С.KosarevaO. S.

Ольга Сергеевна Косарева, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, старший научный сотрудник

190000; ул. Б. Морская, 42, 44; Санкт-Петербург

Olga S. Kosareva, Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Senior Researcher

190000; 42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street; St. Petersburg

okosareva@vir.nw.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2743-068XРогозинаЕ. В.RogozinaE. V.

Елена Вячеславовна Рогозина, доктор биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник

190000; ул. Б. Морская, 42, 44; Санкт-Петербург

Elena V. Rogozina, Dr. Sci. (Biology), Leading Researcher

190000; 42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street; St. Petersburg

rogozinaelena@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8515-7941ЧалаяН. А.ChalayaN. A.

Надежда Александровна Чалая, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, старший научный сотрудник

190000; ул. Б. Морская, 42, 44; Санкт-Петербург

Nadezhda A. Chalaya, Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Senior Researcher

190000,;  42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street; St. Petersburg

n.chalaya@vir.nw.ruФедеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. ВавиловаРоссияN. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic ResourcesRussian FederationФедеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. ВавиловаRussian Federation2024210620241852201209Copyright © Зотеева Н.М., Косарева О.С., Рогозина Е.В., Чалая Н.А., 20242024Зотеева Н.М., Косарева О.С., Рогозина Е.В., Чалая Н.А.Zoteyeva N.M., Kosareva O.S., Rogozina E.V., Chalaya N.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/1978   Актуальность

   Актуальность. Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary – широко известный патоген, поражающий растения картофеля. В результате изменений, произошедших в популяциях патогена, фитофтороз остается трудным для фитосанитарного контроля. Экономические потери обусловлены чувствительностью к патогену как ботвы, так и клубней, причем эти признаки часто не связаны. Число возделываемых сортов, устойчивых к P. infestans, все еще недостаточно для того, чтобы снизить потери урожая.

   Материал и методы

   Материал и методы. В полевых и лабораторных опытах по устойчивости к фитофторозу оценили 682 сорта и 20 гибридных клонов из коллекции картофеля ВИР. Оценку осуществляли с использованием общепринятых методов. При изучении устойчивости растений как в поле, так и при искусственном заражении использовали шкалу от 1 до 9 баллов, где балл 9 означает устойчивость.

   Результаты

   Результаты. Полученные результаты указывают на высокий инфекционный фон, сложившийся на протяжении четырех полевых сезонов. Проявление симптомов болезни на ботве варьировало от 1 до 8 баллов. Доля сортов с сильным поражением ботвы варьировала по годам от 55 % до 66 %. Сорта с умеренной чувствительностью составляли от 17 % до 23 %. Совместимость с местной популяцией P. infestans в течение четырех полевых сезонов у большого числа сортов различного происхождения свидетельствует о чрезвычайно жестком инфекционном фоне. В результате оценки выделены сорта, проявившие высокую (баллы 7–8) и умеренную (балл 6) устойчивость. В 2020–2023 гг. часть устойчивых сортов, выделенных нами ранее (2017–2019 гг.), переместилась в группу умеренно чувствительных и чувствительных. В лабораторных опытах выявили генотипы, устойчивые к фитофторозу клубней.

   Background

   Background. Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary is a well-known pathogen affecting potato plants. Due to the changes in the pathogen population, the late blight disease caused by P. infestans is still difficult to manage. Economic losses are caused by the susceptibility of potato foliage or tubers to late blight, and both expressions of susceptibility are often not interconnected. Potato cultivars resistant to P. infestans are still too few to ensure reduction of harvest losses.

   Material and methods

   Material and methods. In total, 682 potato cultivars and 20 hybrid clones from the VIR collection were screened in field and laboratory tests. They were assessed by conventional techniques. A score scale of 1–9 points was used both in the field and the laboratory, with 9 corresponding to disease resistance.

   Results

   Results. The results showed high infection pressure in the field during all four growing seasons of the experiment. The degrees of damage on the foliage varied from 1 to 8 points. The percentage of cultivars with strongly damaged foliage ranged from 55 % in 2020 to 66 % in 2023. From 17 % to 23 % of cultivars were assessed as moderately susceptible. The fact that many cultivars of various origin manifested compatibility with the local population of P. infestans during four growing seasons confirms its high and stable pathogenicity. Cultivars with high (points 7–8) or moderate (point 6) resistance were identified across the four years of testing. The part of the cultivars recognized as resistant earlier in 2017–2019 appeared to be moderately resistant or moderately susceptible in 2020–2023. Laboratory tests succeeded to identify genotypes with tuber resistance to late blight.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.