vir-nwТруды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекцииProceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding2227-88342619-0982N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-50-59vir-nw-1964Research ArticleИЗУЧЕНИЕ И ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИХ РЕСУРСОВ РАСТЕНИЙSTUDYING AND UTILIZATION OF PLANT GENETIC RESOURCESПрименение комбинированных удобрений для улучшения роста, урожайности и эфирномасличного состава базилика (Ocimum basilicum L.)Application of combined fertilizers to improve growth, yield and essential oil composition of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8097-0717ГиангТ. В.GiangTong Van

Тонг Ван Гианг, доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, преподаватель

факультет сельского хозяйства, лесного хозяйства и рыболовства

40130; ул. Куанг Чунг, 565; Тхань Хоа

Tong Van Giang, Dr. Sci. (Agriculture), Lecturer

Faculty of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries

40130; 565 Quang Trung St.; Thanh Hoa

tongvangiang@hdu.edu.vnhttps://orcid.org/0009-0006-3880-9544ХуенЧ. Т.HuyenTran Thi

Чан Тхи Хуен, доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, преподаватель

факультета сельского хозяйства, лесного хозяйства и рыболовства

40130; ул. Куанг Чунг, 565; Тхань Хоа

Tran Thi Huyen, Dr. Sci. (Agriculture), Lecturer

Faculty of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries

40130; 565 Quang Trung St.; Thanh Hoa

tranthuhuyen@hdu.edu.vnhttps://orcid.org/0009-0003-3042-1148ХайН. Х.HaiNguyen Huu

Нгуен Хуу Хай, доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, научный сотрудник

12500; Ханой

Nguyen Huu Hai, Dr. Sci. (Agriculture), Researcher

12500; Ha Noi

haiprc1005@gmail.comУниверситет Хонг ДыкВьетнамHong Duc UniversityViet NamЦентр растительных ресурсов Вьетнамской академии сельскохозяйственных наукВьетнамPlant Resources Center, Vietnam Academy of Agricultural SciencesViet Nam20241807202418525059Copyright © Гианг Т.В., Хуен Ч.Т., Хай Н.Х., 20242024Гианг Т.В., Хуен Ч.Т., Хай Н.Х.Giang T.V., Huyen T.T., Hai N.H.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/1964

   Базилик (Ocimum basilicum L.) – жизненно важная ароматическая культура, широко используемая в кулинарии и парфюмерной промышленности. В настоящем исследовании двухлетний полевой эксперимент (2019 и 2020 г.) был направлен на оценку влияния различных удобрений на рост, урожайность и состав эфирного масла базилика, выращиваемого в провинции Тханьхоа, Вьетнам. Обработки удобрениями включали: отсутствие удобрений (контроль), химические удобрения (NPK в дозе 90-120-90 кг/га), коровий навоз, куриный помет и комбинацию химических удобрений, коровьего и куриного помета. Применение удобрений привело к значительным улучшениям по различным параметрам по сравнению с контрольной группой. Растения базилика, обработанные удобрениями, показали увеличение высоты, количества боковых стеблей, свежей и сухой урожайности, содержания хлорофилла и каротиноидов, выхода эфирного масла и содержания эфирного масла. Эфирное масло, экстрагированное из базилика, содержало летучие соединения, основными компонентами которых были метилхавикол, линалоол, β-элемен и эпи-α-кадинол. Пропорции этих соединений варьировались в зависимости от внесения удобрений. Примечательно, что комбинированный подход к внесению химических удобрений, коровьего и куриного помета оказался наиболее эффективным и значимым для стимулирования роста базилика и производства эфирного масла. Эти результаты не только способствуют оптимизации методов выращивания базилика, но и повышают информированность сельскохозяйственного сообщества, подчеркивая важность сбалансированного внесения удобрений для максимизации качества и урожайности эфирного масла базилика во вьетнамском контексте.

   Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is a vital aromatic crop widely utilized in culinary and fragrance industries. The present study was conducted to implement a two-year field experiment (2019 and 2020) aimed to assess the impact of various fertilizers on the growth, yield, and essential oil composition of basil cultivated in Thanh Hoa Province, Vietnam. The fertilizer treatments included: no fertilizer (control), chemical fertilizer (NPK at 90-120-90 kg/ha), cow manure, chicken manure, and a combination of chemical fertilizer, cow manure, and chicken manure. The application of fertilizers resulted in significant improvements across various parameters compared to the control group. Basil plants treated with fertilizers exhibited increased height, la teral stem count, fresh and dry yields, chlorophyll and carotenoid content, essential oil yield, and essential oil content. The essential oil extracted from basil contained notable volatile compounds, with methyl chavicol, linalool, β-elemene, and epi-α-cadinol identified as the major constituents. The proportions of these compounds varied among the fertilizer treatments. Notably, the combined fertilization approach involving chemical fertilizers, cow manure, and chicken manure emerged as the most effective and significant in promoting basil growth and essential oil production. These findings not only contribute to the optimization of basil cultivation practices but also provide insights for the agricultural community, emphasizing the importance of balanced fertilization for maximizing the quality and yield of basil essential oil in the Vietnamese context.

Ocimum basilicumудобрениясодержание эфирного масламетилхавиколлиналоолOcimum basilicumfertilizersessential oil contentmethyl chavicollinaloolАвторы выражают благодарность Университету Хонг Дык (Вьетнам) за поддержку и помощь в осуществлении настоящего исследованияThe authors would like to thank Hong Duc University (Vietnam) for their support and facilitation to complete this studyReferencesAdams R.P. Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography/quadrupole mass spectrometry. 4<sup>th</sup> ed. Carol Stream, IL: Allured Publishing Corporation; 2007.Adams R.P. Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography/quadrupole mass spectrometry. 4<sup>th</sup> ed. Carol Stream, IL: Allured Publishing Corporation; 2007.Adugna G. A review on impact of compost on soil properties, water use and crop productivity. Academic Research Journal of Agricultural Science and Research. 2016;4(3):93-104. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329655248_A_review_on_impact_of_compost_on_soil_properties_water_use_and_crop_productivityAdugna G. A review on impact of compost on soil properties, water use and crop productivity. Academic Research Journal of Agricultural Science and Research. 2016;4(3):93-104. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329655248_A_review_on_impact_of_compost_on_soil_properties_water_use_and_crop_productivityAlizadeh A., Khoshkhui M., Javidnia K., Firuzi O., Tafazoli E., Khalighi A. Effects of fertilizer on yield, essential oil composition, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in Satureja hortensis L. (Lamiaceae) cultivated in Iran. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 2010;4(1):33-40. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237827825_Effects_of_fertilizer_on_yield_essential_oil_composition_total_phenolic_content_and_antioxidant_activity_in_Satureja_hortensis_L_Lamiaceae_cultivated_in_IranAlizadeh A., Khoshkhui M., Javidnia K., Firuzi O., Tafazoli E., Khalighi A. Effects of fertilizer on yield, essential oil composition, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in Satureja hortensis L. (Lamiaceae) cultivated in Iran. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 2010;4(1):33-40. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237827825_Effects_of_fertilizer_on_yield_essential_oil_composition_total_phenolic_content_and_antioxidant_activity_in_Satureja_hortensis_L_Lamiaceae_cultivated_in_IranAnwar M., Patra D.D., Chand S., Alpesh K., Naqvi A.A., Khanuja S.P.S. Effect of organic manures and inorganic fertilizer on growth, herb and oil yield, nutrient accumulation, and oil quality of French basil. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 2005;36(13-14):1737-1746. DOI: 10.1081/CSS-200062434Anwar M., Patra D.D., Chand S., Alpesh K., Naqvi A.A., Khanuja S.P.S. Effect of organic manures and inorganic fertilizer on growth, herb and oil yield, nutrient accumulation, and oil quality of French basil. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 2005;36(13-14):1737-1746. DOI: 10.1081/CSS-200062434Baligar V.C., Fageria N.K., He Z.L. Nutrient use efficiency in plants. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 2001;32(7-8):921-950. DOI: 10.1081/CSS-100104098Baligar V.C., Fageria N.K., He Z.L. Nutrient use efficiency in plants. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 2001;32(7-8):921-950. DOI: 10.1081/CSS-100104098Bistgani Z.E., Siadat S.A., Bakhshandeh A., Pirbalouti A.G., Hashemi M., Maggi F. et al. Application of combined fertilizers improves biomass, essential oil yield, aroma profile, and antioxidant properties of Thymus daenensis Celak. Industrial Crops and Products. 2018;121:434-440. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.05.048Bistgani Z.E., Siadat S.A., Bakhshandeh A., Pirbalouti A.G., Hashemi M., Maggi F. et al. Application of combined fertilizers improves biomass, essential oil yield, aroma profile, and antioxidant properties of Thymus daenensis Celak. Industrial Crops and Products. 2018;121:434-440. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.05.048Da Cunha Honorato A., Maciel J.F.A., de Assis R.M.A., Nohara G.A., de Carvalho A.A., Pinto J.E.B.P. et al. Combining green manure and cattle manure to improve biomass, essential oil, and thymol production in Thymus vulgaris L. Industrial Crops and Products. 2022;187(Pt B):115469. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.115469Da Cunha Honorato A., Maciel J.F.A., de Assis R.M.A., Nohara G.A., de Carvalho A.A., Pinto J.E.B.P. et al. Combining green manure and cattle manure to improve biomass, essential oil, and thymol production in Thymus vulgaris L. Industrial Crops and Products. 2022;187(Pt B):115469. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.115469Dhama K., Sharun K., Gugjoo M.B., Tiwari R., Alagawany M., Iqbal Yatoo M. et al. A comprehensive review on chemical profile and pharmacological activities of Ocimum basilicum. Food Reviews International. 2023;39(1):119-147. DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1900230Dhama K., Sharun K., Gugjoo M.B., Tiwari R., Alagawany M., Iqbal Yatoo M. et al. A comprehensive review on chemical profile and pharmacological activities of Ocimum basilicum. Food Reviews International. 2023;39(1):119-147. DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1900230Fageria N.K., Moreira A. Chapter four – The role of mineral nutrition on root growth of crop plants. Advances in Agronomy. 2011;110:251-331. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-385531-2.00004-9Fageria N.K., Moreira A. Chapter four – The role of mineral nutrition on root growth of crop plants. Advances in Agronomy. 2011;110:251-331. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-385531-2.00004-9Fattahi S., Khodabakhshzade A., Khazaei I., Rostami G. Effects of biofertilizers on the growth, physiological parameters, and essential oil content of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Journal of BioScience and Biotechnology. 2019;8(1):59-67.Fattahi S., Khodabakhshzade A., Khazaei I., Rostami G. Effects of biofertilizers on the growth, physiological parameters, and essential oil content of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Journal of BioScience and Biotechnology. 2019;8(1):59-67.Filip S. Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) a source of valuable phytonutrients. International Journal of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics. 2017;3:118. DOI: 10.15344/2456-8171/2017/118Filip S. Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) a source of valuable phytonutrients. International Journal of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics. 2017;3:118. DOI: 10.15344/2456-8171/2017/118Giang T.V., Chac L.D., Chinh H.V., Thinh B.B. Essential oil from the stems of Croton kongensis Gagnep.: chemical composition, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants. 2023;26(4):1018-1031. DOI: 10.1080/0972060X.2023.2256791Giang T.V., Chac L.D., Chinh H.V., Thinh B.B. Essential oil from the stems of Croton kongensis Gagnep.: chemical composition, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants. 2023;26(4):1018-1031. DOI: 10.1080/0972060X.2023.2256791Hamedi B., Pirbalouti A.G., Rajabzadeh F. Manures, vermicompost, and chemical fertilizer impacts on the yield and volatile compounds of the damask rose (Rosa da mascena Mill.) flower petals. Industrial Crops and Products. 2022;187(Pt B):115470. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.115470Hamedi B., Pirbalouti A.G., Rajabzadeh F. Manures, vermicompost, and chemical fertilizer impacts on the yield and volatile compounds of the damask rose (Rosa da mascena Mill.) flower petals. Industrial Crops and Products. 2022;187(Pt B):115470. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.115470Kathirvel P. Chemical composition of essential oil of Ocimum basilicum L.(Basil) and its biological activities – An overview. Journal of Critical Reviews. 2016;3(3):56-62.Kathirvel P. Chemical composition of essential oil of Ocimum basilicum L.(Basil) and its biological activities – An overview. Journal of Critical Reviews. 2016;3(3):56-62.Keshavarz H., Modarres-Sanavy S.A.M., Mahdipour Afra M. Orga nic and chemical fertilizer affected yield and essential oil of two mint species. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants. 2018;21(6):1674-1681. DOI: 10.1080/0972060X.2018.1497545Keshavarz H., Modarres-Sanavy S.A.M., Mahdipour Afra M. Orga nic and chemical fertilizer affected yield and essential oil of two mint species. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants. 2018;21(6):1674-1681. DOI: 10.1080/0972060X.2018.1497545Le T.T., Le T.V., Doan H.T., Nguyen K.N. Physiological and biochemical changes during the growth of custard apple (Annona squamosa L.) fruit cultivated in Vietnam. Journal of Horticultural Research. 2021;29(2):75-84. DOI: 10.2478/johr-2021-0021Le T.T., Le T.V., Doan H.T., Nguyen K.N. Physiological and biochemical changes during the growth of custard apple (Annona squamosa L.) fruit cultivated in Vietnam. Journal of Horticultural Research. 2021;29(2):75-84. DOI: 10.2478/johr-2021-0021Leghari S.J., Wahocho N.A., Laghari G.M., Laghari A.H., Bhabhan G.M., Talpur K.H, et al. Role of nitrogen for plant growth and development: a review. Advances in Environmental Biology. 2016;10(9):209-218.Leghari S.J., Wahocho N.A., Laghari G.M., Laghari A.H., Bhabhan G.M., Talpur K.H, et al. Role of nitrogen for plant growth and development: a review. Advances in Environmental Biology. 2016;10(9):209-218.Li Y., Kong D., Fu Y., Sussman M.R., Wu H. The effect of developmental and environmental factors on secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 2020;148:80-89. DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.01.006Li Y., Kong D., Fu Y., Sussman M.R., Wu H. The effect of developmental and environmental factors on secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 2020;148:80-89. DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.01.006Newell-McGloughlin M. Nutritionally improved agricultural crops. Plant Physiology. 2008;147(3):939-953. DOI: 10.1104/pp.108.121947Newell-McGloughlin M. Nutritionally improved agricultural crops. Plant Physiology. 2008;147(3):939-953. DOI: 10.1104/pp.108.121947NIST. Mass Spectral Library (NIST/EPA/NIH). Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology; 2018.NIST. Mass Spectral Library (NIST/EPA/NIH). Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology; 2018.Omidbaigi R., Hassani A., Sefidkon F. Essential oil content and composition of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) at different irrigation regimes. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants. 2003;6(2):104-108. DOI: 10.1080/0972-060X.2003.10643335Omidbaigi R., Hassani A., Sefidkon F. Essential oil content and composition of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) at different irrigation regimes. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants. 2003;6(2):104-108. DOI: 10.1080/0972-060X.2003.10643335Pandey V., Patel A., Patra D.D. Integrated nutrient regimes ameliorate crop productivity, nutritive value, antioxidant activity and volatiles in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Industrial Crops and Products. 2016;87:124-131. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.04.035Pandey V., Patel A., Patra D.D. Integrated nutrient regimes ameliorate crop productivity, nutritive value, antioxidant activity and volatiles in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Industrial Crops and Products. 2016;87:124-131. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.04.035Pandey V., Patra D.D. Crop productivity, aroma profile and antioxidant activity in Pelargonium graveolens L’Hér. under integrated supply of various organic and chemical fertilizers. Industrial Crops and Products. 2015;67:257-263. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.01.042Pandey V., Patra D.D. Crop productivity, aroma profile and antioxidant activity in Pelargonium graveolens L’Hér. under integrated supply of various organic and chemical fertilizers. Industrial Crops and Products. 2015;67:257-263. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.01.042Roy R.N., Finck A., Blair G.J., Tandon H.L.S. Plant nutrition for food security. A guide for integrated nutrient management. Rome: FAO; 2006. Available from: https://www.asean-agrifood.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/FAO-plant-nutrition-for-food-security.pdf [accessed Dec. 06, 2023].Roy R.N., Finck A., Blair G.J., Tandon H.L.S. Plant nutrition for food security. A guide for integrated nutrient management. Rome: FAO; 2006. Available from: https://www.asean-agrifood.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/FAO-plant-nutrition-for-food-security.pdf [accessed Dec. 06, 2023].Said-Al Ahl H.A.H., Ayad H.S., Hendawy S.F. Effect of potassium humate and nitrogen fertilizer on herb and essential oil of oregano under different irrigation intervals. Journal of Applied Sciences. 2009;2(3):319-323.Said-Al Ahl H.A.H., Ayad H.S., Hendawy S.F. Effect of potassium humate and nitrogen fertilizer on herb and essential oil of oregano under different irrigation intervals. Journal of Applied Sciences. 2009;2(3):319-323.Sajjadi S.E. Analysis of the essential oils of two cultivated Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) from Iran. DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2006;14(3):128-130.Sajjadi S.E. Analysis of the essential oils of two cultivated Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) from Iran. DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2006;14(3):128-130.Shahrajabian M.H., Sun W., Cheng Q. Chemical components and pharmacological benefits of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.): a review. International Journal of Food Properties. 2020;23(1):1961-1970. DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2020.1828456Shahrajabian M.H., Sun W., Cheng Q. Chemical components and pharmacological benefits of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.): a review. International Journal of Food Properties. 2020;23(1):1961-1970. DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2020.1828456Sharma A. A review on the effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on plants. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology. 2017;5(2):677-680.Sharma A. A review on the effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on plants. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology. 2017;5(2):677-680.Siddique M.N.A. Determination of N mineralization, total N and cation exchange capacity of soil through NIR spectroscopy for decision support in rice farming. International Journal of Business, Management and Social Research.2015;1(1):47-50.Siddique M.N.A. Determination of N mineralization, total N and cation exchange capacity of soil through NIR spectroscopy for decision support in rice farming. International Journal of Business, Management and Social Research.2015;1(1):47-50.Singh T.B., Ali A., Prasad M., Yadav A., Shrivastav P., Goyal D. et al. Role of organic fertilizers in improving soil fertility. In: M. Naeem, A.A. Ansari, S.S. Gill (eds). Contaminants in Agriculture: Sources, Impacts and Management. Cham: Springer; 2020. p.61-77. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-41552-5_3Singh T.B., Ali A., Prasad M., Yadav A., Shrivastav P., Goyal D. et al. Role of organic fertilizers in improving soil fertility. In: M. Naeem, A.A. Ansari, S.S. Gill (eds). Contaminants in Agriculture: Sources, Impacts and Management. Cham: Springer; 2020. p.61-77. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-41552-5_3Stanojevic L.P., Marjanovic-Balaban Z.R., Kalaba V.D., Stanojevic J.S., Cvetkovic D.J., Cakic M.D. Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) essential oil. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants. 2017;20(6):1557-1569. DOI: 10.1080/0972060X.2017.1401963Stanojevic L.P., Marjanovic-Balaban Z.R., Kalaba V.D., Stanojevic J.S., Cvetkovic D.J., Cakic M.D. Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) essential oil. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants. 2017;20(6):1557-1569. DOI: 10.1080/0972060X.2017.1401963Teliban G.C., Stoleru V., Burducea M., Lobiuc A., Munteanu N., Popa L.D. et al. Biochemical, physiological and yield characteristics of red basil as affected by cultivar and fertilization. Agriculture. 2020;10(2):48. DOI: 10.3390/agriculture10020048Teliban G.C., Stoleru V., Burducea M., Lobiuc A., Munteanu N., Popa L.D. et al. Biochemical, physiological and yield characteristics of red basil as affected by cultivar and fertilization. Agriculture. 2020;10(2):48. DOI: 10.3390/agriculture10020048Thin D.B., Korneeva A.A., Thinh B.B., Ogunwande I.A. Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oil and methanol extract from the stems of Dasymaschalon rostratum Merr. & Chun. Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry. 2023;49(4):815-822. DOI: 10.1134/S1068162023040209Thin D.B., Korneeva A.A., Thinh B.B., Ogunwande I.A. Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oil and methanol extract from the stems of Dasymaschalon rostratum Merr. & Chun. Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry. 2023;49(4):815-822. DOI: 10.1134/S1068162023040209Verma B.C., Pramanik P., Bhaduri D. Organic fertilizers for sustainable soil and environmental management. In: R.S. Meena (ed.). Nutrient Dynamics for Sustainable Crop Production. Singapore: Springer; 2020. p.289-313. DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8660-2_10Verma B.C., Pramanik P., Bhaduri D. Organic fertilizers for sustainable soil and environmental management. In: R.S. Meena (ed.). Nutrient Dynamics for Sustainable Crop Production. Singapore: Springer; 2020. p.289-313. DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8660-2_10Wen B., Li C., Fu X., Li D., Li L., Chen X. et al. Effects of nitrate deficiency on nitrate assimilation and chlorophyll synthesis of detached apple leaves. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 2019;142:363-371. DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.07.007Wen B., Li C., Fu X., Li D., Li L., Chen X. et al. Effects of nitrate deficiency on nitrate assimilation and chlorophyll synthesis of detached apple leaves. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 2019;142:363-371. DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.07.007Yang L., Li J., Xiao Y., Zhou G. Application of combined fertilizers improves biomass, essential oil yield, chemical compositions, and ferulic acid content of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 2022;54(2):569-575. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/367872373_Application_of_combined_fertilizers_improves_biomass_essential_oil_yield_chemical_compositions_and_ferulic_acid_content_of_Angelica_sinensis_Oliv_DielsYang L., Li J., Xiao Y., Zhou G. Application of combined fertilizers improves biomass, essential oil yield, chemical compositions, and ferulic acid content of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 2022;54(2):569-575. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/367872373_Application_of_combined_fertilizers_improves_biomass_essential_oil_yield_chemical_compositions_and_ferulic_acid_content_of_Angelica_sinensis_Oliv_Diels

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.