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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vir-nw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Труды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2227-8834</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0982</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-9-24</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vir-nw-1958</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МОБИЛИЗАЦИЯ И СОХРАНЕНИЕ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКОГО РАЗНООБРАЗИЯ КУЛЬТУРНЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ И ИХ ДИКИХ РОДИЧЕЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MOBILIZATION AND CONSERVATION OF THE GENETIC DIVERSITY OF CULTIVATED PLANTS AND THEIR WILD RELATIVES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Местные сорта твердой пшеницы (Triticum durum Desf.) в коллекции ВИР</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Landraces of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) in the VIR collection</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2164-4510</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ляпунова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyapunova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Александровна Ляпунова, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>190000; ул. Б. Морская, 42, 44; Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga A. lyapunova, Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Leading Researcher</p><p>19000; 42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street; St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">o.liapounova@vir.nw.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. Вавилова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>185</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>9</fpage><lpage>24</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ляпунова О.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ляпунова О.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lyapunova O.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/1958">https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/1958</self-uri><abstract><p>   В коллекции Всероссийского института генетических ресурсов растений имени Н. И. Вавилова (ВИР) сохраняются 3633 образца местных сортов твердой пшеницы из 49 стран мира. Это уникальный материал, который в настоящее время не выращивается в местах своего происхождения и практически не встречается ни в одной коллекции мира. Рассмотрена история создания данной части коллекции пшеницы, ее структура, разновидностный состав сортов, приведены описания местных сортов различных стран, примеры успешного использования их в селекции. Особое внимание уделено коллекции российских сортов. Сегодня актуальными являются вопросы использования местных сортов в свете уменьшения разнообразия современных сортов и генетической эрозии исходного материала для селекции. Инновационные методы, основанные на применении молекулярных маркеров, показывают новые направления изучения и использования местных сортов в различных регионах.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   The collection of the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) harbors 3,633 accessions of durum wheat landraces from 49 countries. This is a unique heritage, currently neither cultivated in the places of its origin nor found in any collection over the world. This review explores the history of the collection of landraces, its structure, and diversity of the preserved genotypes. Descriptions of landraces from different countries and examples of their successful utilization in breeding practice are presented. Special attention is paid to the collection of Russian landraces. Today, the problem of utilizing obsolete local cultivars is relevant in the context of the shrinking diversity of modern cultivars and genetic erosion of the source material for breeding. Innovative methods based on the use of molecular markers demonstrate new trends in the study and utilization of landraces in different regions.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>разновидности Triticum durum</kwd><kwd>создание коллекции</kwd><kwd>географическое разнообразие</kwd><kwd>использование в селекции</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Triticum durum varieties</kwd><kwd>collection establishment</kwd><kwd>geographic diversity</kwd><kwd>utilization in breeding</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания согласно тематическому плану ВИР по проекту FGEM-2022-0009 «Структурирование и раскрытие потенциала наследственной изменчивости мировой коллекции зерновых и крупяных культур ВИР для развития оптимизированного генбанка и рационального использования в селекции и растениеводстве»</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was performed within the framework of the state task according to the theme plan of VIR, Project No. 0481-2022-0001 “Structuring and disclosing the potential of hereditary variation in the global collection of cereal and groat crops at VIR for the development of an optimized genebank and its sustainable utilization in plant breeding and crop production”</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ancient Israelite cuisine. 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